Editing v0.34:Trap design

{{Quality|Masterwork|21:15, 28 April 2013 (UTC)}}
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:''This page is one of several inter-related articles on the broader topic of defending your fortress and your dwarves. '''Trap design''' focuses on the theory and design of complex traps, mechanical systems and other automation for defending your fortress, and also on unusual uses of simple mechanic's [[trap]]s. For a general overview of the threats that will challenge your fortress and things to consider when preparing a standard defense, see the '''[[defense guide]]'''. For tips on laying out your architecture to protect your military, see '''[[security design]]'''. For specific advice on how to get your soldiers prepared for any threat, see '''[[military]]'''.'' 


:''For suggestions on disposing of nobles and other unwanted residents, see [[unfortunate accident]].''
:''For a basic overview of how the different machine parts work and work together, see [[machine component]].''
:''For information on catching [[vermin]]-sized creatures in [[animal trap]]s, see [[trapper]].''
 

==Introduction==
Simple one-tile [[trap]]s* are just that - they exist only on their own tile, trigger themselves when a target walks onto that one tile, and affect only that one tile.  Complex traps and automation rely on linking [[door]]s, [[hatch cover|hatch]]es, [[floodgate]]s, and [[bridge]]s to [[lever]]s or [[pressure plate]]s, along with machinery to provide the [[power]] to run some of the more diabolical designs.  When the trigger is activated, it sends a [[lever|signal]] to the linked device. That signal is not always as simple as '''do it now''', but it's specifically either to '''open''' or to '''close'''.  By manipulating what does what and when, and what follows from that, impressive results can be achieved.

:''(* specifically, the [[Trap#Stone-fall_Trap|stone-fall trap]], [[Trap#Weapon_Trap|weapon trap]], and [[Trap#Cage_Trap|cage trap]].)''

* To fully understand how these component objects work individually (before combining them into diabolical and complex combinations), see those main articles.

==Basic traps==
These are the simple [[trap]]s that are placed by a mechanic. They require one [[mechanism]] but do not require levers or pressure plates.  They can be a quick, easy and brutally effective "first defense" for a fledgling fortress, but they can also be combined into key parts of more complex set ups. For tips on using these basic traps effectively, see the Trap Strategies section.

===Stone fall trap===
:This is the easiest trap to build, so you can easily build them in large numbers. Building lots of them is an easy way to earn experience for your [[mechanic]], and add to the depth of your fort's defenses at the same time. Surrounding intersections and stairways is a good way of handling threats that make it inside the fortress, including [[insanity|berserk]] dwarves.

===Weapon trap===
:The gold standard of lethal traps. This is the only simple trap that works repeatedly without reloading. They do get jammed, however. View the trap with the '''items in room''' {{key|t}} mode, and if there's a corpse inside the trap, it's jammed. None of the weapons on a jammed trap will function. It may be wiser to have several weapon traps with fewer weapons, rather than a smaller number of ten-weapon traps. 

:Using [[crossbow]]s or other projectile weapons in weapon traps avoids the problem of jamming, but they must be kept loaded with [[ammo]].  Mechanics will load them with any ammo that is not forbidden.  They will load each until each type of weapon has ten rounds of ammo.  Hammers seem to jam less than swords or axes, and spears seem to jam the most. Your dwarves will attempt to unjam traps unless otherwise forbidden.

===Cage trap===
:A very powerful type of trap. Maybe even too powerful - currently, even a wooden or glass [[cage]] can hold any creature indefinitely, even [[troll]]s and [[megabeast]]s. A cage trap never fails, although creatures with the [[trapavoid]] tag cannot be captured unless knocked [[unconscious]] or [[Giant cave spider|webbed]] first. Use cage traps as your outermost traps to catch the occasional wandering animal, angry wounded [[elephant]] or [[unicorn]], or even [[zombie]]s. Caged animals and enemies will be safely brought to any animal [[stockpile]]s you have, but may escape later if you are not careful. For more information, see [[captured creatures]].

==Linked traps==
These traps require a trigger such as a [[pressure plate]] or [[lever]]. They will require at least three [[mechanisms]], one for the trigger and two to create the link. The trigger can be located any distance from the trap, typically close for a pressure plate or far away for a lever.

For a system that repeatedly activates automatically and regularly regardless of enemies, see [[Repeater]].

===Menacing spikes===
Menacing [[trap component|spike]]s or upright spears appear on the basic mechanic's {{k|T}}rap menu, but must be activated remotely to pop out of the ground and impale anyone standing on that tile.  Vast forests of these can make any area a killing field.  

While upright spike defense systems never jam, they also do not discriminate. When activated, they will inflict piercing damage on whatever is standing on the tile, whether it be friend or foe.  You can use [[traffic|traffic designations]] to help somewhat.  Designate the spike trap tiles as ''restricted'' then make a longer path going around the spikes that's designated as ''high traffic''.  [[Domestic animal|Pets]] and [[Trade|merchants/diplomats]] will probably still get skewered, though.

==Trap strategies==
These are some basic tricks that can be used with most any trap design, basic or complex.

===Bait animals===
Enemies will hunt down and kill friendly tame animals wandering outside if they have nothing better to do. Put an expendable animal on a [[restraint]] or in a 1x1 [[Activity zone#Pen/Pasture|pen]] in some random spot outside, build a few [[construction|columns]] around it to reduce the chance of them shooting it, and trap that area to hell and back.

Note that this is a horrible method of getting rid of [[cat]]s, as they will often adopt a dwarf who will then attempt to free the cat. This may lead to the unfortunate situation of Urist McCatlover getting skewered by an ambush party while on his way to free Mr. Baitykins.

===Bait furniture===
[[Building destroyer]]s can be baited by furniture, which they will path to and destroy, if they can.  Furniture bait allows you to selectively target building destroyers, to draw them away from other aggressors or to a different trap.  This can be useful when, for instance, you'd like to draw a building destroyer like a [[giant cave spider]] into a cage trap, but don't want to bother caging all of the other wildlife around it.  It can also be useful for trapping monsters with special attacks that you'd rather not see go off, as the building destroyer won't use any special attacks on furniture as it would an animal.  For instance, you could use bait furniture to trap a [[forgotten beast]] with [[syndrome|deadly dust]] without causing it to spew more contagion.

Bait furniture can be especially effective when used with [[Legendary artifact|artifact]] quality furniture.  Artifact furniture cannot be destroyed, but building destroyers will still attempt to path to it, at which point they will ineffectually attempt to destroy the furniture.  This makes traps baited with artifact furniture easily reusable.

===Trapping efficiently===

====Crosshair trapping====
As the converse of building many traps everywhere, consider instead herding your enemies into a few traps. A cross-hair pattern of walls or impassable channels with an array of traps in the middle gap will increase the usage of each individual trap. This is particularly useful when capturing wildlife.  You may also want a few traps near the edges, to catch the creatures that attempt to go around it.

<diagram>
 +++++++[#F00]^^^[#FFF]+++++++      legend
 ++++++++▓++++++++   ▓  stone/wall
 ++++++++▓++++++++   [#F00]^  trap[#FFF]
 ++++++++▓++++++++   +  floor
 ++++++++▓++++++++
 ++++++[#F00]^^[#FFF]▓[#F00]^^[#FFF]++++++
 [#F00]^[#FFF]+++++[#F00]^^[#FFF]▓[#F00]^^[#FFF]+++++[#F00]^
 [#F00]^[#FFF]▓▓▓▓▓▓▓[#F00]^[#FFF]▓▓▓▓▓▓▓[#F00]^
 [#F00]^[#FFF]+++++[#F00]^^[#FFF]▓[#F00]^^[#FFF]+++++[#F00]^[#FFF]
 ++++++[#F00]^^[#FFF]▓[#F00]^^[#FFF]++++++
 ++++++++▓++++++++
 ++++++++▓++++++++
 ++++++++▓++++++++
 ++++++++▓++++++++
 +++++++[#F00]^[#F00]^[#F00]^[#FFF]+++++++
</diagram>

====Inside corner trapping====
If the path where you will place your traps has bends, expect the enemy to take the most direct path -  it's not guaranteed, but they will tend to hug the inside of a corner, and rarely detour to a dead-end (represented by "x").
<diagram>
       ╔═════════ 
   ║[@cc0]   [@]║[@c00]  [@]    [@cc0]  [@] 
   ║[@cc0]   [@]║[@c00] [@]    [@cc0]   [@] 
   ║[@cc0]   [@]║   [@090] [@cc0]    [@]    [@c00] [@] Unlikely path
   ║[@cc0]   [@]║  [@090] [@]╔═════   [@cc0] [@] Unpredictable path
   ║ [@cc0]  [@]║ [@090] [@] ║        [@090] [@] "Most likely" path
   ║  [@090] [@]║[#f0f][@090]g[#@]  ║        [#f0f]g[#] Invader
   ║[@c00] [@]  [@090] [@]  [@c00] [@]║
   ║[@c00]  [@]   [@c00]  [@]║  
   ╚═══════╝
</diagram>
Once in a straight hall, anything is possible (represented by "?"), but placing your best (or first) traps on the inside path near "inside" corners (and de-emphasizing outside "dead-end" corners) is the best bet. If two invaders are side-by-side, they will wander, and random actions are always possible, but if you had to guess, this is the way to do it.

====Pass trapping====
If there are a lot of hills outside, remove most of the ramps, then trap those last few routes.  The only way for creatures to get around will be to go through your traps.

 ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░
 ▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲▲   Before
 ++++++++++++++++++
 
 ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░
 +++++++^▲^++++++++   After
 +++++++^^^++++++++

====Ford trapping====
Have a river or any kind of chasm?  Construct a floor over it (not a bridge), then build traps over it.  Brooks won't work for this, because everything can already walk over the top of a brook.  It also won't work as well in winter on a map that freezes.

 +++++++++++░^^░+++++++++++
 +++++++++++░^^░+++++++++++
 +++++++++++░^^░+++++++++++
 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~░^^░~~ ~~ ~~ ~~  Nobody ever said that it had to end at the river banks.
 ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~░^^░~~ ~~ ~~ ~~  Building walls along the side allows you to make it longer
 +++++++++++░^^░+++++++++++  and to fill it with more traps.
 +++++++++++░^^░+++++++++++
 +++++++++++░^^░+++++++++++

==Trap Designs==
===Bridge and drop traps===

====Drawbridge trap====
Lowering drawbridges on invaders will [[dwarven atom smasher|crush]] them into nothingness. Known as the 'Dwarven Atom Smasher', bridges will destroy most things with some notable exceptions including [[jabberer]]s and [[elephant]]s, who will not only survive unscathed but also destroy the bridge.

Try replacing the side wall of a part of your main entrance with a drawbridge, big enough so it spans the whole hallway.  Link the drawbridge to a [[lever|trigger]], and whenever you feel like it activate the trap.  This can be done with minimal effort and used to smash invaders, unwanted [[immigration|immigrants]], bothersome [[nobles]], or simply to destroy your garbage.

====[[Pit trap]]====
A long retracting bridge in your entrance tunnel, with the pressure plate right in front of the fortress doors. The expression on the face of the point-goblin who reaches them only to watch his comrades plunge to whatever gruesome fate you have prepared for them will be a mental picture to cherish.  Remember when designing this trap that bridges do not open until 100 ticks after they've been triggered.

You may also consider linking these bridges to levers for more control, just in case a goblin thief triggers the pressure plate while a caravan is on the bridge.  Or, you might consider linking the bridges to a [[repeater]].

====Cave-in trap====
[[Support]]s can be linked to [[lever|triggers]]. Building a section of floor that is deliberately held up only by a trapped support allows for an intentional [[cave-in]].
* [[Invader]]s dropped into a pit can be wounded or killed. 
* Dropping a floor or wall directly onto any creature will ''instantly'' kill it, regardless of its [[size]].
* The cave-in will also knock nearby invaders unconscious. This will stun them, and also make them susceptible to simple traps (even if they possess the TRAPAVOID token).
* Cave-ins will ''not'' reveal invisible invaders, such as [[ambush]]ers unless it kills them outright, in which case their bodies become visible.

The biggest drawback of this sort of trap is the "reload" process, which can be relatively time consuming.  Have a drawbridge that can seal off the work area so your mechanics and [[mason]]s can reconstruct the setup in peace.

=====Land mines=====
In any suitable open area which hasn't been dug out underneath, build a support and an adjacent multi-use pressure plate set to trigger on creatures (but not citizens), link them together, then build floor tiles above the support and pressure plate. When an enemy steps on the pressure plate, the game will pause and recenter the view with the announcement "''A section of the cavern has collapsed!''", at which point the enemy will be crushed and its companions will be stunned or knocked unconscious by the cloud of dust (though not necessarily revealed, in the case of an [[ambush]]).

More "traditional" landmines also exist, taking advantage of a bug. This involves setting a bridge to be deconstructed, then having this order be cancelled, all done while the bridge is in the down position. The bridge will then let fluids through, which with pressurized magma makes it a potent weapon.

=====Chasm trap=====
The easiest chasm trap is just a retractable bridge, very high up or over a very deep hole; instead of flinging invaders when raised, it just drops them.

A uselessly complicated collapsing spiral trap can take out ten goblins at a time. When finished, it looks like this:
<diagram>
           +++
 ..........+++
 .++++++++#+++
 .+╔══════.     # = retractable bridge 
 .+║++++++.
 .+║+╔══╗+.     + = floor
 .+║+║A+║+.
 .+║+╚═+║+.     . = open space
 .+║+++^║+.
 .+╚════╝+.     ^ = pressure plate
 .++++++++.
 ..........     A = bait animal 
</diagram>
The goblins are lured in by a restrained bait animal, and can't shoot it due to the surrounding walls. Just before they reach the bait, they trigger a pressure plate that retracts the bridge and collapses the support holding up the whole spiral.  Goblins, bait animal, walls and all plummet into the chasm.

When building, you will need to construct a span of floor underneath to place a support, as bridges do not support constructions (''which is also why you want a bridge as the access, so it will not hold up the trap*)''. You will also need to have a floor tile between your floor and solid ground or wall while constructing, as the bridge alone will not work as a base, but you can remove it once the support is in place.

====Falling debris trap====
[[gravity|Falling objects]] tend to cause ridiculous injury to creatures below, and what better use for [[wear|worn]] socks than mangling intruders. Mix in some loose [[stone]], poor-quality [[furniture]], and any [[goblinite]] lying around, then bury your enemies under a pile of junk.

A retracting [[bridge]] makes a good trigger mechanism (connected to either a [[lever]] or [[pressure plate]]), while garbage dump [[zone]]s above the bridge provide an easy means to load the trap. To reset the trap, use {{k|d}} {{k|b}} {{k|c}} to reclaim the garbage and {{k|d}} {{k|b}} {{k|d}} to have your dwarves haul the junk back to the garbage dumps above. The trap can also be fully automated via [[minecart]].

====Canceled construction deadfall====
Canceling an incomplete construction immediately frees the building material. The simplest way to weaponize this knowledge is to create a one tile wide hallway that is several z-levels high, and carve down stairs into the roof from the level above. Assign your masons to create stairs in the top level of the hallway, but suspend construction on each tile after they begin. When danger threatens below, simply cancel constructions to send building material raining down on enemies below.

A more advanced design uses incomplete 8x1 bridges--each bridge will release three stones when canceled. These stones will normally be deposited on the tile where the architect was standing when the bridge was designed. A (completed) retracting bridge at the top of the hallway can provide a place for your architects to stand while loading the trap, but still allow the rocks to rain down when retracted.

This trap has the distinction of being the only overseer-triggered trap--it doesn't require dwarves to pull levers, enemies to cross pressure plates, or any sort of timing delay. With some practice, it can be used selectively to take out priority targets (elite archers, squad leaders, dangerous creatures, etc.).

===Water traps===
These traps drown, freeze, boil, or wash targets away.  Errors in execution can be quite <s>[[flood|harmful]] to your fortress</s> [[fun]], so use with caution.

====Drown and burn====
A flooding room trap combined with an unextinguishable [[fire|burning]] [[lignite]] bin. The water will evaporate on the bin's tile, causing the water from the surrounding tiles to move to it, which then get evaporated as well. The water will also push the invaders onto the fire, causing them to burn to death... in a flooding chamber.

NOTE: Traps involving large quantities of water turning into [[steam]] are as effective at killing your framerate as they are [[goblin|goblins]]. Use with caution, and have the cut-off lever at the ready.

====Drowning hall====
'''Level 0'''

  ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░   <tt>░</tt>  - Wall 
  ->++▼··················▼++->   <tt>-&gt;</tt> - Direction of traffic
  ->++▼··················▼++->   <tt>▼</tt>  - Down-Ramps (as visible from one level above = see [[ramp]])
  ->++▼··················▼++->   <tt>+</tt>  - Floor  
  ░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░   <tt>·</tt> - Open space 
			
'''Level -1'''
    ░░░░░░XX░░░░░░░░XX░░░░░░   <tt>X </tt> - Inflow 
    ░░▲++▼··▼++++++▼··▼++▲░░   
    ░░▲++▼··▼++++++▼··▼++▲░░   <tt>▲</tt> - Up-Ramps 
    ░░▲++▼··▼++++++▼··▼++▲░░   
    ░░░░░░XX░░░░░░░░XX░░░░░░   <tt>▼</tt> - Down-Ramps
			
'''Level -2'''
    ░░░░░░xx░░░░░░░░xx░░░░░░   <tt>x</tt> - Outflow
    ░░░░░▲++▲░░░░░░▲++▲░░░░░
    ░░░░░▲++▲░░░░░░▲++▲░░░░░
    ░░░░░▲++▲░░░░░░▲++▲░░░░░
    ░░░░░░xx░░░░░░░░xx░░░░░░

If enemies are in the middle of Level -1, open the inflow, then the water will first trap, and then drown them. If the pit is full, close the inflow and open the outflow. You can automate this by using [[pressure plate]]s, or if you want to have more fun, replace the water with [[magma]] (which would require pressure plates and floodgates to be [[magma-safe]]).

====Drowning tower====
This is a trap that can be built in discrete units. Each unit requires a lot of labor and protects only a small area, though in a dramatic manner. A wall of these around the map sharing a single massive water reservoir makes a very effective [[siege]] defense, as each tower component can be linked to a [[lever]] and used to wipe out a single invading squad at a time. Note: This may count as a [[stupid dwarf trick#Pressure Washer|stupid dwarf trick]].

While a [[pressure plate]] in the center of this trap can trigger it and drown hidden ambushers, such an arrangement is subject to double-activation and failure.  A pressure plate that only triggers once will break and the system will be incapable of self-reloading. A lever or [[pressure plate#Latching Pressure Plates|latch]] is highly recommended.

Using a cross-hair pattern of walls, invaders are herded through the trap. Inside the fortress, Urist McLeverpuller does his job. Floodgates on the ground close, hatches on the ceiling open, and drowning ensues. When all enemies are dead, the lever is pulled again. The hatches close and the floodgates open, allowing a rush of water and bodies to spill out. 

Schematics shown are for a stand-alone tower, though the upper level can be linked with many similar towers for a grid-like defensive system.

'''Level 0'''

  ░░X░░X░X░░X░░   <tt>░</tt> - Wall 
  ░+++++░+++++░   <tt>+</tt> - Floor
  X+++++░+++++X   <tt>X</tt> - Floodgate
  ░+++++░+++++░   <tt>H</tt> - Hatch
  ░+++++░+++++░   <tt>-</tt> - Water reservoir
  X+++++░+++++X
  ░░░░░░+░░░░░░
  X+++++░+++++X
  ░+++++░+++++░
  ░+++++░+++++░
  X+++++░+++++X
  ░+++++░+++++░
  ░░X░░X░X░░X░░

'''Level 1'''
  ░░░░░░░░░░░░░
  ░-----------░
  ░-H--H-H--H-░
  ░-----------░
  ░-----------░
  ░-H-------H-░
  ░-----------░
  ░-H-------H-░
  ░-----------░
  ░-----------░
  ░-H--H-H--H-░
  ░-----------░
  ░░░░░░░░░░░░░

====Ice trap====
Water open to the sky in freezing [[biome]]s will freeze instantly, completely destroying anything caught in it. By digging a channel entrance to your fort and selectively allowing it to flood as invaders pass through, you can commit genocide with appalling efficiency. The only disadvantage to this trap is its size: because water freezes so quickly, each entry channel must have a source of non-freezing water right next to it. 

Observe in action [http://mkv25.net/dfma/movie-231-degrinchinator here], or a wider version [http://mkv25.net/dfma/movie-1675-semi-automaticorcsiclemaker here].  For more information, see [[User:Vattic/Orcsicle_maker_Explained|these detailed instructions]].

=====Fully Automatic Ice Trap=====
The hallway is exposed to the elements, and water there freezes instantly. The rest of the trap is underground. When an enemy steps on the pressure plate, the hallway is flooded with water immediately. Some of the water that doesn't freeze also triggers a second pressure plate. The second pressure plate pumps magma into the room directly beneath the main hallway, which melts the ice. The water is pumped out and retracting bridges then return the water and magma to their original positions. This trap was also inspired by the Degrinchinator.

Observe: http://mkv25.net/dfma/movie-2239-automaticresettingicetrap

For more info, see [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=63346.0 this] thread.

====Flusher====
Have a water reservoir to one side of the path the intruders should take, and a deep chasm at the other side. When invaders are on the path, just pull a lever to flush them out.

A compact version of this can be set up with a reservoir tower and a path circling it:

'''Level 0'''

  ·····························   <tt>░</tt> - Wall 
  ->++++++++++++++++++++++++++·   <tt>-&gt;</tt> - Direction of traffic
  ->++++++++++++++++++++++++++·   <tt>▼</tt> - Down-Ramps (as visible from one level above = see [[ramp]])
  ->++++++++++++++++++++++++++·   <tt>+</tt> - Floor  
  ░XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX░+++·   <tt>·</tt> - Open space 
  ░<nowiki>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</nowiki>X+++·   <tt>X</tt> - Floodgate OR retracting bridge
  ░<nowiki>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</nowiki>X+++·   <tt>~</tt> - Water
  ░<nowiki>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</nowiki>X+++·
  ░<nowiki>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</nowiki>X+++·
  ░XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX░+++·
  <-++++++++++++++++++++++++++·
  <-++++++++++++++++++++++++++·
  <-++++++++++++++++++++++++++·
  ·····························
	
Be sure that the reservoir can hold enough water to flush everything out (3 levels should be enough), that it can be automatically or easily refilled quickly, and be advised that flushing your own dwarves can be much fun. Adjust the height of the chasm depending on how much damage you want to cause to intruders or to [[Unfortunate accident|innocent bystanders]] (7 levels start to do some serious damage).

Once flushed, the victims will try to find a way out (to re-invade the fortress, or to flee). Make sure there are some maintenance-free traps in their way. If you plan to collect [[goblinite]] afterwards, have a way to drain the bottom of the trap dry.

===Magma and fire traps===
These traps incinerate targets, or possibly encase them in [[obsidian]].  Magma does not play favorites - read up (again) on magma, and use with ''extreme'' caution. Fire traps are included in this category because magma is often the best method of starting a fire. 

====Magma chamber====
Create an airlock using two bridges, two doors or whatever you like best.  Make it a medium sized chamber, perhaps 10x10 or so.  Channel out the floors around the rim, and rig up a system to pump magma into the room, or drop it from the roof.  Enemies will quickly be destroyed, and with the magma in the channels, you can pump it out for future use or just leave it.  The idea here is a re-usable magma trap; you can use this with a pressure plate, too.  It also leaves behind any magma-proof items the invaders might have been carrying.

Variation: By placing magma-safe hatches on the ceiling and quickly activating and deactivating the trap, you can limit the use of magma. It doesn't take a lot of magma to set a goblin on fire: only 1/7 deep will do it, and using less magma means it will dry on its own. It does take a while for an enemy to burn to death, but what's better than spending the whole summer watching a room full of smoke and dying goblins?

====Incinerator hall====
Certain minerals such as [[lignite]] and [[graphite]] have an ignition point but no melting point, meaning that once they are set on [[fire]] they will burn for a very long time (about 9-10 months) unless exposed to water or [[weather|rain]]. Any item made out of these materials has this property, which can be used to design horrifying fiery death traps.

Consider a hallway filled with lignite [[floor grate]]s, which can be built directly on the floor and do not impede the passage of enemies. Pouring magma on any one of these grates will set it alight, and the fire will spread to all connected grates. The end result is a lot of constant smoke and a hallway that kills anything that passes through it. Consider [[traffic|restricting access]] to your dwarves or building this in a pit with a retractable bridge over top: the mere fact that a location is on fire will not stop them from walking through it. On the plus side, goblins are just as stupid.

====Flamethrower bunker====

Catch a creature that has a fire breath attack, such as a [[dragon]], [[fire imp]], [[fire man]], or anything else. Tame it if you can, and drop it into a 3x3 square of fortifications surrounded by bridges. Drop the bridge when necessary, and watch the creature lay waste on your opponents. Note that this may cause you to rage if the beast is not hostile to invaders. Beware of enemy archer squads as well.

You may want to build the bridge and mechanisms out of [[dragonfire]]-safe materials if you are using a dragon.

You may do this with [[magma crab]]s (but first you must catch one) for a machinegun bunker, or [[giant cave spider]]s (or anything that has a [[web]] attack) for a paralyzing bunker.

===Weapon traps===
Traditional trap components can be used in sometimes interesting ways.

====Casual impalement====
One method of creating a zone of constant slaughter is to link a pressure plate in your main dining hall or main hallway to a patch of menacing spikes or spears. As your dwarves/pets mill around conversing/mating, they will constantly trigger the spike system without regard to the consequences.

Variation: Drop goblins into a holding pit with various spike traps linked to your pressure plate artfully placed around the chamber. Watch as every dining hall [[party]] begins to be measured in goblin blood.

====Caravan-Safe Traps====
Since traps block caravans, how can one have a depot but not have a trap-free entrance to the fortress?  Simple!  Caravans need 3-wide corridors, but that corridor does not need to be straight.  Invaders will path straight (or as straight as they can).  By knowing this, you can make trap layouts that have 3-wide corridors that intersect straight paths.  


   Like so:
 
       Zig-Zag                               Alternating U
       T+P+T+++      T = Trap                ++++P+++++++++++++P++++
       +T+P+T++      + = Ground/floor        ++T+P+TTTTTTTTTTT+P+T++
       ++T+P+T+      E = Ramps going down    ++T+P+T+++++++++T+P+T++
       +++T+P+T        to tunnel to depot    ++T+P+T+++++++++T+P+T++
       ++++T+P+      P  = Caravan path       ++T+P+T+++++++++T+P+T++
       ++++T+P+                              ++T+P+T+++EEE+++T+P+T++
       +++T+P+T                              ++T+P+++++++++++++P+T++
       ++T+P+T+                              ++T+PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP+T++
       +T+P+T++                              ++T+++++++++++++++++T++
       T+P+T+++                              ++TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT++
       +P+T++++                              +++++++++++++++++++++++

Both designs can be repeated for maximum effect or used together (make the entrance on the U wider and put Zig-Zag traps on the corridor to the depot).  

====Dodge Me Trap====
Passing over a catwalk of traps, invaders will find themselves dodging into your pit. Since you can seal the pit with bridges, it doesn't complicate access to your fortress while inactive. Beware of dwarves fighting on top of it when active, as they will dodge too. Using weapon traps with a lot of possible hits can make an invader dodge multiple times at once, allowing him to dodge across an open space tile, skipping the pit. This can be dealt with in some variants by the strategic placement of walls and/or by having an incredibly broad pit. Using a low quality mechanism will also force invaders to dodge, as opposed to using a high quality mechanism in the weapon trap, which will cause the weapon trap to actually land hits on the invader.

Simple version:
 +............+  ^ weapon trap  
 +............+  + floor, your fort on one side; the savage wilds on the other
 +^^^^^^^^^^^^+  . Pit
 +............+
 +............+

Compact version:
 +#########+     # retractable bridge with pit underneath
 +#^^^^^^^^+
 +#^#######+     + floor
 +#^^^^^^^#+
 +#######^#+     ^ traps
 +#^^^^^^^#+
 ══+++═══════

====Goblin Grinder====
{{diagram|spaces=yes|\

═════
[#FF0]¢[#FF0]^[#F00]^[#00F]^[#00F]¢
═════
}}

In this trap described [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=62798.0 here], invaders are constrained to moving back and forth over a weapon trap {{Raw Tile|^|#F00|#000}} by two hatches over channels, {{Raw Tile|¢|#FF0|#000}} and {{Raw Tile|¢|#00F|#000}}, each linked to the pressure plate, {{Raw Tile|^|#FF0|#000}} and {{Raw Tile|^|#00F|#000}}, of the same color.  Because the trapped creatures constantly path between the two hatches, a single trap may hit them many, many times.

The ends of the corridor are left open, allowing invaders to rush down the corridor, thinking it is an easy entrance into your fort.  When they step on the pressure plate at the end, the hatch raises, exposing the uncrossable channel and blocking the exit.  The invader's pathfinding decides to run back the other way, as that is now the only exit.  As he reaches the other end, that hatch opens, causing him to run back and forth inside the corridor, unable to escape.  As he runs back and forth, the traps grind him into a fine mist with no effort on your part.  Creatures will occasionally fall into the pit dug underneath the hatches, but these are easily dealt with such as building a room underneath the channels filled with more traps.

By setting the pressure plates to be untriggerable by citizens, it's easy for them to walk through and collect the remaining goblinite unharmed once the siege ends. 

Its two main disadvantages are being susceptible to both trap-avoiding creatures and building destroyers. These can be safeguarded by any of the other many usual ways of defending against this type of creature.  It's also possible for a creature to be "stuck" in only the first few tiles of the trap, as they try to escape after taking enough damage, only walking two or three steps into the trap, then immediately turning around and trying to exit, and so only walking past already-triggered traps.  Again, you can get rid of these with your military with no problem.

Some usage ideas from the thread:

* Without traps and placing only one pressure plate/hatch combination at the end leading into your fort, it makes a very simple dwarf-only one-way door into your fort.  Non dwarves that attempt to enter will be blocked and turn around and take the exit.  Alternately a good way of keeping creatures inside an area while allowing dwarf passage.
* With some additional work (details in the thread), it can be built as a repeater system, with a pressure plate inside hooked up to some other device that you want to repeatedly trigger.  A pet running back and forth inside attempting to reach its owner or releasing a trapped prisoner and tempting them with freedom in exchange for running back and forth will repeatedly hit the pressure plate inside.  
* Similarly, place a pressure plate inside that will link to some other action such as spike traps outside the entrance, impaling invaders waiting for their turn to enter the grinder as their friends run down the corridor. 
* Don't fill with traps; instead, carve fortifications into the walls and use the trapped invaders as target practice and training for your archers.
* Don't fill with traps; instead fill with magma at your convenience.
* Fill with very weak weapon traps that will only maim the prisoner.  Put an atom smasher near the other end that will be triggered as he tries to crawl towards freedom.

===Building destroyer and trapavoid traps===

====Door number one====
If you're having trouble dealing with building destroyers that don't set off traps, consider the following design, as seen from the side:
{{diagram|spaces=yes|\
════╝╬╬
[#F00]~X[#F0F]^  ▲╔═
══════╝
}}

Put the magma {{Raw Tile|~|#F00|#000}} behind a floodgate {{Raw Tile|X|#FFF|#000}}.  In front of the floodgate, place a pressure plate {{Raw Tile|^|#F0F|#000}} set to go off on magma of 0 to 0.  Link the pressure plate to a retracting bridge {{Raw Tile|╬|#FFF|#000}}{{Raw Tile|╬|#FFF|#000}} that covers the exit ramp {{Raw Tile|▲|#FFF|#000}} to the area.  Although you can't get the creature to set off traps, when it breaks the door, magma will spill over the pressure plate, locking the creature in the hallway that is rapidly filling with magma.  You could combine this with a simple levered hatch for drainage, but there's only one way to be certain: obsidianify it from orbit.

Note that the trap as pictured is too short-- in order to catch a creature, your bridge has to close before the creature can escape from the tunnel.

====Artifact awe trap====
{{diagram|spaces=yes|\
═════
+¢╬ ╬
═════
}}

This simple containment trap is designed to trap any number of building destroyers, even trapavoid building destroyers, on a single tile, after which you can do whatever you'd like with them-- bolt 'em, ice 'em, drop 'em, spike 'em, it's all good.  Building destroyers are drawn by a piece of [[legendary artifact|artifact-quality]] furniture, in this case, a hatch cover {{Raw Tile|¢|#FFF|#000}}.  A door {{Raw Tile|+|#FFF|#000}} prevents them from seeing further into your fort and being distracted from the enchanting beauty of your furniture.  When you've captured as many creatures as you'd like on that tile, simple raise both bridges {{Raw Tile|╬|#FFF|#000}}-- first, the far one, then, the one near the artifact-- and you may even remove the artifact, to create a new trap elsewhere.

===Other traps===
Anything that can be weaponized can be turned into a trap.  And anything can be weaponized.

====Bioweapon trap====
Some of the underground's nastier creatures are capable of breathing [[syndrome]]-bearing deadly dust.  While such dust can easily spread and lead to the downfall of a fort, more masochistic players may seek ways to weaponize it.  Syndrome-bearing blood may be used similarly, but placement of the trap is a great deal more difficult.

At its simplest, a bioweapon trap is a single tile of syndrome-bearing extract.  It can be placed by moving an item covered in dust to the desired location via stockpiling or dumping, and then pouring a [[bucket]] of water over the item, transferring the dust from the item to the tile it sits on.  A simple way to get your dwarves to pour a bucket of water over the item is via designation of a [[activity zone#Pit/Pond|pond]] zone.  Alternatively, one can take advantage of the natural tendency of [[User:Uristocrat/Dwarven__Bathtub|dwarven bathtub]]s and simply drag contaminated items through a trench full of shallow water to create a contamination trench.

Any affected creature is likely to carry the contamination with it past the location of the bioweapon.  This can be useful, if you've discovered a particularly interesting extract that you no longer have a way to generate, but it can also be dangerous to the well-being of your fortress.  A pile of extract sitting in 2/7 water will not block pathing, and will simultaneously infect and wash creatures passing through it.  Placement of extract in a damp trench can be difficult, as the water will tend to carry the extract on to the walls, but with persistence, it can be done.  Extract/water combos like this are best placed underground to prevent freezing or evaporation.  You may have difficulty preventing your dwarves from [[cleaning]] tiles affected by the extract.

The deadliness of a bioweapon depends entirely on the extract used to create it, and can range from debilitating nausea (perfect to incapacitate invaders while your military mops them up, yet unlikely to lead to serious damage to your own fort), to death by bleeding within 600 ticks (a half day).  Given the proper extract, you could even create a beneficial bioweapon trap that prevents those affected from suffering pain.  Footwear appears to protect, leaving any bioweapon trap much more deadly to your own dwarves than to any invader.

Bioweapon traps have the potential to be very powerful but should be considered extremely risky, as extracts are capable of multiplication and don't distinguish between friend or foe.  A single bioweapon trap could easily kill all of your dwarves in a season.  Bioweapons never require cleaning or resetting, but won't work on many foes.

Alternative biotraps are possible.  Using a 'deadly dust' creature rather than its extract is possible, but such interactions have rather short range (2 tiles at least) and may ignore invaders passing by a bit further away. By forcing invaders to walk right next to fortification that separates the beast and invader you can ensure a syndromey greeting to your unwanted guests, but the creature will be vulnerable to enemy archers.  Should you discover a creature with noxious secretions that boil at a low temperature, such a creature can be used even while caged: its secretions will affect anything nearby, but the creature that bears the syndrome remains invulnerable to attack.  Good luck getting the cage where you want it!

=== Animal/Gladiator Traps ===
War animals can be a messy way of dispatching your invaders. Since most war animals aren't grazers, you can put a pasture in a room and assign a bunch of war animals without any need for maintenance. Keep in mind size, a war dog is not going to do nearly as well against a troll as a lion would. However, 5 dogs should be able to overcome it. If you don't want your animals to die, simply use cage traps to catch invaders, disarm them, then drop them into the animal arena unarmed with a pit above the room. Although, this isn't a guarantee, unarmed goblins are incredibly weak. This trap has a lot more randomness involved than others, so it's more of a novelty than an effective and practical trap. Exotic animals can be much more brutal, so bonus points for catching tigers, bears,(or buying them from elves) or dragons. If you do manage to catch a dragon and tame it, you'll probably want to clear out any other animals, unless they don't mind dragon fire.

If one of your dwarves has been plagued by [[Vampire|Vampirism]], all the better. Build him/her a nice pit outfitted as barracks, throw in good weapons and armor, and watch as they train themselves nonstop up to Legendary skill in most combat abilities.

When you want to make them practice, just throw a caged prisoner in, order them to open it, and watch as they tear them to shreds.

=== Minecarts ===
A [[minecart]], when you think about it, is just a large hunk of metal traveling at a very fast speed in a straight line. Its nature can be used for your advantage.
==== Minecart grinder ====
All you need is a straight, narrow corridor, some tracks, and a way to make a minecart gain momentum (rolling down 3 z-levels worth of ramps should be more than enough).

Using the hauling designation, assign a minecart to the top of the ramp, without giving it any departure conditions. As soon as the enemies are approaching the other side of the corridor, change the departure condition to "push" and "always". Once a dwarf comes by and pushes it, the minecart will jolt down the hallway flattening everything on its path, and may even put a dent in an attacking [[Megabeast]].
By dumping minecarts on either rollers or downward ramps, multiple carts can be used on the same track without any hauling routes, allowing for multishot weapons, increasing the efficiency of the trap.
Rollers or impulse ramps can be used to make a cart return system, allowing for fully automatic systems.

==== Shotgun ====
Minecarts have the interesting properties of spilling their contents when they hit a solid object like another minecart at high speed. This can be used by filling minecarts with either heavy objects like stones, sharp objects like surplus weapons or simply a lot of them, then sending them down some ramps onto a target. On impact, the contents will continue their way at high speed, dealing damage to anything in the way. You know you want to fill a minecart with !!lignite blocks!! now.

==== Water/Magma gun ====
Minecarts submerged in [[Water]] fill themselves with liquid, which then counts as a quite heavy object. Using the shotgun effect, this allows for a weapon without need to manually load minecarts, resulting in higher rate of fire and fewer dwarves running on potentially lethal tracks. First proposed [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=114654.0 here], with an updated version [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=119831.0 here].

Using [[Magma]] makes the design potentially more lethal and certainly more dwarven, and adds the <s>usual dangers</s> [[fun]] of working with this fluid.

==== Minecart thumper ====
When falling minecarts land on a floor, they injure creatures in the tile below.{{bug|6068}} Add some rollers and a very short track loop to maximize the damage potential. Since the minecart remains physically separated from its targets, it shouldn't jam or jump off track.

{{Category|Traps}}
{{category|Fortress defense}}
{{category|Design}}