Editing v0.34:Bridge

{{quality|Exceptional|22:21, 10 November 2010 (UTC)}}{{av}}

'''Bridges''' are [[building]]s which provide a temporarily walkable floor that can either be removed ("retracting" bridges) or turned into a wall ("raising" bridges) via linked [[mechanism]]s. Bridges are useful for crossing empty space and dangerous terrain, serve a vital role in [[Defense design|fortress defense]], and have a host of ancillary uses. For example, using bridges to control [[flow|fluids]] can save a ton of mechanisms and time, especially when the [[magma|fluid in question]] requires a wide opening.

==Building Bridges==

Bridges can be built ({{k|b}} -> {{k|g}}) of [[metal]], [[stone]] or [[wood]]. They are first designed by an [[architect]], then require a specialist worker for the material used (e.g. a [[mason]] for a stone bridge). The size of the bridge can be altered with {{k|u}}{{k|m}}{{k|k}}{{k|h}} while placing it, up to a maximum size of 10 squares in each direction. The bridge must be anchored to a solid surface on at least one edge. Before placing the bridge ensure that the bridge raises in the direction you want it to using {{k|w}}{{k|a}}{{k|d}}{{k|x}} or retracts using {{k|s}}.  The direction points to the side of the bridge which will become a wall when the bridge is raised.

===Materials===
Bridges require number of tiles divided by four, rounded down, plus one ( Tiles/4+1 ) of material to build. When choosing materials, they are placed on the list in order of distance. However, neither the closest material, nor the item picked first, nor the majority of material, nor the most expensive material is necessarily the "core" material that will define the color and name of the bridge. The sane man's way to deal with this is to just pick the same material for the entire bridge and be done with it. The others are caught in a testing loop. Help!  

The "core" material possibly defines how fire resistant a brige is, although this hasn't been tested.{{verify}} 

Care should be taken when choosing materials for bridges that will be exposed to [[fire]] or [[magma]]. Bridges built with non-[[magma-safe]] materials will heat up and eventually melt if the center tiles get covered in magma or exposed to fire, whether the bridge is raised, lowered, or even retracted. [[Dragon]]fire is so hot that it can destroy bridges made of almost any material, but a bridge made of [[adamantine]] can sustain dragonfire for extended periods of time before it melts.

==Raising and Retracting Bridges==

All bridges in DF can be either raised or retracted by linking it to a trigger with [[mechanism]]s. This requires a [[mechanic's workshop]] and a dwarf with the [[mechanics]] labor activated. 

If a bridge is set to retract when the lever is pulled, the bridge essentially disappears, tossing anything (friend, foe, or object) on the bridge onto whatever is underneath. Clearly this can be used to drop your enemies to rocky/watery/fiery deaths (or anything more imaginative you can think up!).

If a bridge is set to raise when the lever is pulled, the bridge will become a [[wall]] along the edge selected with the {{k|w}}{{k|a}}{{k|d}}{{k|x}} keys when placing the bridge. When activated, the bridge "raises" very quickly, flinging anything on the bridge into the air, with unpleasant if not always deadly side effects. The resulting wall is always one z-level tall, watertight, and invulnerable to [[building destroyer]]s. Raising "drawbridges" can be used to block fortress entrances and corridors. When lowered, bridges will destroy anything on the underlying tiles. By destroying we mean dwarves, foes, and items will entirely disappear from the game, a rare event which led to the creation of the term [[dwarven atom smasher]].

==Notes==

Bridges will not operate if any one creature of [[List of creatures by adult size#bridge|size 1200000]] is on them.  This weight limit is not cumulative - a bridge will still retract if a hundred goblins are standing on it, but a single [[rutherer]] accompanying those goblins will prevent the bridge from operating.  Attempting to lower a drawbridge onto such a creature (in order to [[Dwarven atom smasher|atom-smash]] it) will cause the bridge itself to deconstruct.

It is impossible to channel out stone that is directly under a bridge, raised or not. Likewise digging a ramp under a bridge will not remove the floor tile. To remove these floor tiles, the bridge must be deconstructed. Note that [[obsidian]] [[casting]] can ''create'' new floor tiles under a bridge, which then behave in the manner above. 

Big bridges can take weeks or even months to complete. You can shorten construction time by moving the materials to the site before starting construction, and by using blocks instead of rocks. The material-gathering time is somewhat shorter for blocks due to their lesser weight, and the actual construction is three times faster for blocks.

While bridges do not provide structural [[support]], the game will still allow you to place unsupported [[construction]]s adjacent to them which will result in an immediate [[cave-in]] once completed, often tossing the unlucky mason off the edge to a horrible death. However, extending a supported construction alongside a bridge will not cause a cave-in.
<br>'''Example:'''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Will cause a cave-in
|Will '''not''' cause a cave-in
|Key
|-
|{{Diagram|spaces=no|
BBB.
BBBX
BBB.
FFFW
}}
|{{Diagram|spaces=no|
BBB.
BBBX
BBBW
FFFW
}}
|{{DFtext|B}} Bridge<br>
{{DFtext|F}} Floor tile<br>
{{DFtext|W}} Existing wall<br>
{{DFtext|X}} Wall to be constructed
|}

Deconstructing bridges can be hazardous, as dwarves are not as compunctuous as with constructions and diggings to make sure no one is standing on them before destroying them.

A raised bridge cannot be linked to a lever from the inside - the mechanic must be able to access the center tile of the bridge when lowered.

If you aren't sure whether or not a 1 tile thick bridge is raised or lowered, try to build a piece of furniture, like a statue, on it. If it says blocked, the bridge is raised, if it says building present, it is lowered.

==Uses==
Perhaps the most straightforward use of a bridge is spanning empty space or dangerous terrain. Bridges only need roughly 25% of the material that building [[floor]]s would require, and can be completed relatively quickly as well. Bridges are limited to a span of 20 tiles across open space; greater distances will require columns or other means of support.

===Remote controlled gateways===
Lever-controlled bridges are one of the safer ways to control access.  They are immune to building destroyers, though care must be taken to avoid operating them in the presence of exceptionally large creatures. [[Magma safe]] material should be used in the construction if there is any chance magma might flow over the bridge.

Retracting bridges built covering the top of a ramp or stairway can never be destroyed from beneath.

===Floodgates===
Raising bridges make a good replacement for most [[floodgate]] uses (e.g. flow and access control).  They have the advantage of not being as easily jammed: they fling or [[Dwarven_atom_smasher|atom smash]] all items and all but the largest enemies on their tile/s when they open or close, whereas a floodgate will jam open with a discarded sock in it.  Further, bridges cannot be destroyed by [[building destroyer]]s, while [[floodgate]]s can be.  A single bridge can also be made up to ten tiles wide, potentially replacing ten floodgates and saving many mechanisims and much work.  One minor downside of bridges compared to floodgates is that bridges with a width of 1 look the same when raised as when lowered, so it is easy to confuse whether they are closed or not. If you are unsure of a bridge's status, check the control lever if there is one (in most tilesets, lever to the right means closed), or try to build furniture on top of the bridge and check the resulting warning message ("blocked" means the bridge is raised, "building present" means it's lowered).

===Waste disposal===
Lowering raised bridges can be used as [[dwarven atom smasher|waste disposal]] for unwanted stones, [[refuse]], [[goblin]]s (dead or alive), legendary [[cheese]] makers and [[nobles]], to name a few. Even fluids get destroyed. Note, however, that lowering a drawbridge onto a sufficiently large creature (such as a [[forgotten beast]]) simply causes the bridge to deconstruct.

===[[Trap_design#Bridge_and_drop_traps|Traps]]===
Using two bridges at opposite ends of a corridor creates a very large and simple trap by walling in enemies. Or... Smashing them to tiny bits if placed to raise facing each other, with no space in between. 
For added effect, place [[pressure plate]]s on both ends to raise the bridge when stepped on, to fling the units. If there is a [[floor]] directly above, they will be stunned. If there is a floor beneath the bridge, and if nobody is on the pressure plate, they will likely be smashed when the bridges come back down. If there is no floor beneath the bridge, they will fall, sometimes into something [[water|very,]] [[magma|very]] [[megabeast|bad.]]

===Minecart routing===
[[Minecart]]s can travel along unraised/unretracted bridges as if the bridge was a minecart track.  This can let you change minecart routes via pulling levers.

===[[Cave-in]]s===
Since bridges don't support adjoining rock, it is possible to set up a cave-in so that dust can't come up, dwarves can't fall down, and flying creatures can't come up from beneath the cave-in before you set it off. Bridges are also instrumental in [[magma]]-piston applications.

===Improvised walls===
[[Wall]]s cannot be built along map edges above ground, but raising bridges can.  Because these bridges can be raised to act as walls, they can be used to control where wildlife, enemies, and [[caravan]]s spawn on the map edges.

A similar technique can be used to prevent fliers from spawning above ground, but it requires bridges to be built at ''every'' z-level. This requires considerable effort, as each bridge needs to be accessible to the dwarves building it, as well as needing support for each bridge. It can also be somewhat [[fun|risky]] if a dangerous creature suddenly spawns near a dwarf working on the bridge (especially in [[evil]] biomes). Note that this technique, when completed, will also prevent fliers from leaving the map.

===Ocean drains===
Dig out ramps leading up to the first level ''below'' an ocean.  Build a retracting bridge on that level, directly over the ramps (be sure to leave them in place!) and link it to a trigger.  Carefully seal off the chamber to make it water tight.  Now with the bridge in place, designate ramps up to the ocean adjacent to the bridge.  Diggers with access to the level ''below'' the bridge can dig those ramps up from the level of the bridge, allowing the ocean to fill the chamber; even with the ramp squares underwater they can still dig them out.  And not a drop of water will touch them... provided they clear out before you pull the lever.

===Caravan exits===
A bridge to nowhere, built well above ground level at the edge of the map, can sometimes serve as a handy exit for [[caravan]]s and [[diplomat]]s when your fortress is under [[siege]].

===Stops on the elevator===
Designate a dumpsite or set up a floodgate at the top of a shaft; use multiple remote-controlled bridges to decide on which level the stuff, water, magma etc. gets off. (bonus: use water falling at one end of the bridge to flush stuff off that was dropped onto the other end without the manual labor)

===Single Lever Airlock===
Raising bridges and retracting bridges controlled by a single lever will be in opposite states of being open or closed.  When one is closed (raised) the other is open (retracted) and vice versa.   This fact can be used to construct airlocks that are not vulnerable to [[building destroyer|building destroyers]] or mistimed lever pulls e.g. 
   Side View:
   Z1    XXXXXXR____      D = Raising drawbridge   / = Ramp   _ = Floor
   Z0    D_____/XXXX      R = Retracting bridge    X = Solid Rock or Constructed Wall

With a suitably long distance between the two bridges, the controlling lever can be placed within the airlock, and by setting the profile of the lever specific dwarves can be moved between isolated areas.

===Decorations===
Bridges benefit from two [[quality]] modifiers--one for the [[architect]]'s design, and one for the builder's creation. High-quality bridges can inspire happy [[thought]]s in your dwarves. Bridges may also be used to form [[mosaic]]s or even [[Style_project#Mosaics|animations]].

===Coinstar training===
The mechanical "tossing" action of retracting bridges can be used for training [[armor user]] and associated traits by repeatedly flinging small items at the trainee. See [[Danger_room#Coinstar_Room|Danger room]] for more information.

{{buildings}}
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 ===Materials===
-Bridges require number of tiles divided by four, rounded down, plus one ( ⌊Tiles/4⌋+1 ) of material to build.
+Bridges require number of tiles divided by four, rounded down, plus one ( Tiles/4+1 ) of material to build. When choosing materials, they are placed on the list in order of distance. However, neither the closest material, nor the item picked first, nor the majority of material, nor the most expensive material is necessarily the "core" material that will define the color and name of the bridge. The sane man's way to deal with this is to just pick the same material for the entire bridge and be done with it. The others are caught in a testing loop. Help!
-The "core" material of the bridge is the ''oldest'' individual building material chosen (i.e. the first item to be created in the fortress or enter the map).{{cite forum|134816}}
+The "core" material possibly defines how fire resistant a brige is, although this hasn't been tested.{{verify}}
-Care should be taken when choosing materials for bridges that will be exposed to [[fire]] or [[magma]]. Bridges built with non-[[magma-safe]] materials will heat up and eventually melt if the center tiles get covered in magma or exposed to fire, whether the bridge is raised, lowered, or even retracted. The ability of a bridge to withstand heat is limited by the ''least'' fire-resistant item involved - a single not-magmaproof building block or mechanism will cause the whole bridge to deconstruct when exposed to sufficient heat. [[Dragonfire]] almost immediately melts bridges made of common stone, but a metal bridge can sustain dragonfire for extended periods of time.
+Care should be taken when choosing materials for bridges that will be exposed to [[fire]] or [[magma]]. Bridges built with non-[[magma-safe]] materials will heat up and eventually melt if the center tiles get covered in magma or exposed to fire, whether the bridge is raised, lowered, or even retracted. [[Dragon]]fire is so hot that it can destroy bridges made of almost any material, but a bridge made of [[adamantine]] can sustain dragonfire for extended periods of time before it melts.
 ==Raising and Retracting Bridges==
-All bridges in DF can be either raised or retracted by linking it to a trigger with [[mechanism]]s. This requires a dwarf with the [[mechanics]] labor activated.
+All bridges in DF can be either raised or retracted by linking it to a trigger with [[mechanism]]s. This requires a [[mechanic's workshop]] and a dwarf with the [[mechanics]] labor activated.
-If a bridge is set to retract when a [[lever]] is pulled, the bridge essentially disappears, ''tossing'' anything (friend, foe, or object) on the bridge onto whatever is underneath. Clearly this can be used to drop your enemies to rocky/watery/fiery deaths (or anything more imaginative you can think up!). Note that the creatures and objects are "tossed" with a semi-random initial velocity; this can reduce the lethality of pit traps (creatures bouncing off the walls lose the precious momentum that would otherwise result in an unsurvivable splat at the bottom), interfere with the reproducibility of dwarven !!SCIENCE!!, and be [[exploit]]ed as the key mechanic in [[#Coinstar training|coinstar training]].
+If a bridge is set to retract when the lever is pulled, the bridge essentially disappears, tossing anything (friend, foe, or object) on the bridge onto whatever is underneath. Clearly this can be used to drop your enemies to rocky/watery/fiery deaths (or anything more imaginative you can think up!).
-If a bridge is set to raise when a lever is pulled, the bridge will become a [[wall]] along the edge selected with the {{k|w}}{{k|a}}{{k|d}}{{k|x}} keys when placing the bridge. When activated, the bridge "raises" very quickly, flinging anything on the bridge into the air, with unpleasant if not always deadly side effects. The resulting wall is always one z-level tall, watertight, and invulnerable to [[building destroyer]]s. Raising "drawbridges" can be used to block fortress entrances and corridors. When lowered, bridges will destroy anything on the underlying tiles. By destroying we mean dwarves, foes, and items will entirely disappear from the game, a rare event which led to the creation of the term [[dwarven atom smasher]].
+If a bridge is set to raise when the lever is pulled, the bridge will become a [[wall]] along the edge selected with the {{k|w}}{{k|a}}{{k|d}}{{k|x}} keys when placing the bridge. When activated, the bridge "raises" very quickly, flinging anything on the bridge into the air, with unpleasant if not always deadly side effects. The resulting wall is always one z-level tall, watertight, and invulnerable to [[building destroyer]]s. Raising "drawbridges" can be used to block fortress entrances and corridors. When lowered, bridges will destroy anything on the underlying tiles. By destroying we mean dwarves, foes, and items will entirely disappear from the game, a rare event which led to the creation of the term [[dwarven atom smasher]].
-Any water displaced by a raising bridge is destroyed regardless of how much open space is on each side or above.  Water resting atop a retracting bridge falls straight down as soon as the bridge retracts.
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 38: / Line 36: @@
 |Will cause a cave-in
 |Will '''not''' cause a cave-in
+|Key
 |-
-|
+|{{Diagram|spaces=no|
-<diagram>
+BBB.
-╔═╗[#3:0]▓[#]
+BBBX
-║+║[#0:0][@6:0]O[#@]
+BBB.
-╚═╝[#3:0]▓[#]
+FFFW
-[#2:1].,'[#3:0]▓[#]
+}}
-</diagram>
+|{{Diagram|spaces=no|
-|
+BBB.
-<diagram>
+BBBX
-╔═╗[#3:0]▓[#]
+BBBW
-║+║[#0:0][@6:0]O[#@]
+FFFW
-╚═╝║
+}}
-[#2:1]`,.[#]O
+|{{DFtext|B}} Bridge<br>
-</diagram>
+{{DFtext|F}} Floor tile<br>
+{{DFtext|W}} Existing wall<br>
+{{DFtext|X}} Wall to be constructed
 |}
@@ Line 59: / Line 60: @@
 A raised bridge cannot be linked to a lever from the inside - the mechanic must be able to access the center tile of the bridge when lowered.
-If you aren't sure whether or not a 1 tile thick bridge is raised or lowered, try to build a piece of furniture, like a statue, on it. If it says blocked, the bridge is raised, if it says building present, it is lowered. You can also link another (longer) drawbridge to the same lever, to use as a visual indicator of the other bridge's status. Since this takes additional time and mechanisms, this is best reserved for when it's especially important that you know at a glance whether that bridge is blocking things.
+If you aren't sure whether or not a 1 tile thick bridge is raised or lowered, try to build a piece of furniture, like a statue, on it. If it says blocked, the bridge is raised, if it says building present, it is lowered.
 ==Uses==
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 ===Waste disposal===
-Lowering raised bridges can be used as [[waste disposal]] for unwanted stones, [[refuse]], [[goblin]]s (dead or alive), legendary [[cheese]] makers and [[nobles]], to name a few. Even fluids get destroyed. Note, however, that lowering a drawbridge onto a sufficiently large creature (such as a [[forgotten beast]]) simply causes the bridge to deconstruct.
+Lowering raised bridges can be used as [[dwarven atom smasher|waste disposal]] for unwanted stones, [[refuse]], [[goblin]]s (dead or alive), legendary [[cheese]] makers and [[nobles]], to name a few. Even fluids get destroyed. Note, however, that lowering a drawbridge onto a sufficiently large creature (such as a [[forgotten beast]]) simply causes the bridge to deconstruct.
 ===[[Trap_design#Bridge_and_drop_traps|Traps]]===
 Using two bridges at opposite ends of a corridor creates a very large and simple trap by walling in enemies. Or... Smashing them to tiny bits if placed to raise facing each other, with no space in between.
-For added effect, place [[pressure plate]]s on both ends to raise the bridge when stepped on, to fling the units. If there is a [[floor]] directly above, they will be stunned. If there is a floor beneath the bridge, and if nobody is on the pressure plate, they will likely be smashed when the bridges come back down. If there is nothing above, they will land rather far away. Bonus points for making them land in a particularly [[Spike#Menacing_spike|nasty spot]].
+For added effect, place [[pressure plate]]s on both ends to raise the bridge when stepped on, to fling the units. If there is a [[floor]] directly above, they will be stunned. If there is a floor beneath the bridge, and if nobody is on the pressure plate, they will likely be smashed when the bridges come back down. If there is no floor beneath the bridge, they will fall, sometimes into something [[water|very,]] [[magma|very]] [[megabeast|bad.]]
-If there is no floor beneath the bridge, they will fall, sometimes into something [[water|very,]] [[magma|very]] [[megabeast|bad.]]
 ===Minecart routing===
-Lowered/extended bridges "cover" [[Minecart]] track corners constructed or carved underneath, allowing carts to travel in a straight line instead. This can let you change minecart routes via pulling levers.
+[[Minecart]]s can travel along unraised/unretracted bridges as if the bridge was a minecart track.  This can let you change minecart routes via pulling levers.
 ===[[Cave-in]]s===
 Since bridges don't support adjoining rock, it is possible to set up a cave-in so that dust can't come up, dwarves can't fall down, and flying creatures can't come up from beneath the cave-in before you set it off. Bridges are also instrumental in [[magma]]-piston applications.
-===Improvised ceilings===
-Building an outdoor structure, such as an [[Archery tower]], requires considerable expense and time. The reduced material requirements make bridges a viable alternative to roofing it up tile by tile. While it'll still be immune to [[Building destroyer]]s, a proper constructed ceiling is superior if you expect it to be exposed to [[Dragon|extreme temperatures]].
 ===Improvised walls===
@@ Line 116: / Line 113: @@
 ===Coinstar training===
 The mechanical "tossing" action of retracting bridges can be used for training [[armor user]] and associated traits by repeatedly flinging small items at the trainee. See [[Danger_room#Coinstar_Room|Danger room]] for more information.
-Alternatively, this design can be used as a trap: invaders atop a retracting bridge inside a locked room will get thrown around and optionally pummelled with "ammunition" like stones or weapons placed in the room.
 {{buildings}}