Editing v0.31:Magma

{{av}}{{Quality|Exceptional|21:13, 6 July 2010 (UTC)}}
'''Magma''' is a red-hot [[flow|fluid]] that wells up from deep within the earth - but not too deep to not be found by dwarves. Magma that is above the ground is called '''Lava''' but is still the same exact substance.  Magma is very [[fun]].

Magma serves as an energy source, powering [[magma smelter]]s, [[magma forge]]s, [[magma glass furnace]]s, and [[magma kiln]]s.  Magma is ''extremely'' hot which can lead to even more [[fun]]. In the current version magma seems a bit slower to burn things. Workers that dig into a magma reservoir are not instantly killed as the magma touches them and can often scramble to safety{{verify}} as long as they are not fully immersed in 7/7 magma. It's worth noting that magma never seems to blink with [[flow]] now either.

The list of materials that are '''[[magma-safe]]''' has been expanded considerably in this version. Magma never cools, but can [[evaporation|evaporate]] if left at a depth of 1/7 for long enough. When magma is mixed with water it forms [[obsidian]]. Note that magma located above [[semi-molten rock]] will be listed as a Magma Flow and cannot be cooled into [[Obsidian]].

Without [[screw pump]]s to impart [[pressure]], magma flows rather slowly (though no more slowly than unpressurized water).  A pipe to bring magma across the full map can take as much as a year to fill.  This, combined with the fact that it will [[Evaporation|evaporate]], can make filling a reservior difficult and tedious.  As a rule of thumb, the area coming out of a 1-wide-pipe shouldn't be more than three squares wide and 20 squares long, or else it will evaporate as fast as you fill it.

== Bringing Magma Up ==

Magma can be brought to the surface by two different methods:[[pump|pump stack]]s, and magma pistons. Pump stacks are conceptually the simplest, but require an enormous amount of in-game time to make. Magma pistons tend to be faster to make, but require more time to understand how to build them.

=== Pump stacks ===
Pumping magma up from the magma sea via a conventional [[pump#Example layouts#pump stack|pump stack]] is a lot of work, requiring dozens of pumps and significant amounts of power. Making all of the pumps [[magma safe]] also requires a lot of precious materials like steel or glass.

=== Magma pistons ===
[[Magma piston]]s are another way to move magma near the surface. Magma pistons require less time and fewer precious materials to construct than pump stacks. However, magma pistons are a bit more complicated than pump stacks, so it takes more time to understand how to operate and build them.

==Magma pools==
Although the name suggests them as pools, they are actually pipes (Unknown why Toady changed the name). They can be found underground, however they rarely reach the upper z-levels (40+). Most end just a few z-levels above the magma sea, though some may span more than 100 z-levels.
Magma pools seem to be always connected to a magma sea, and the sea and pipe can occasionally reach up to the same level, making them hard to separate. However, magma pools can be identified by the obsidian walls which surround them.
Magma pools will slowly refill themselves, giving the player an infinite source of magma.

==Volcanoes==
[[volcano|Volcanoes]] are magma pools that extend all the way to the surface. Volcanoes are an endless source of magma as they will always refill themselves.

==Properties of magma==
Magma behaves the same way as water with the exception of not being affected by [[pressure]] (except when being moved by a [[screw pump]]) and apparently not showing [[flow]].  Magma will turn into [[obsidian]]<sup>1</sup> if it touches [[water]].  In the game, magma's temperature is 12,000 (2,032°F, or about 1,111°C). See the list of '''[[magma-safe]]''' materials for more information on what can (or cannot) be safely submerged in magma.

Tiles directly adjacent to magma will be heated to a temperature of 10,075 (107°F, or about 42°C), causing revealed unmined tiles to flash with {{Tile|☼|6:4:1}} when placing digging designations and causing unrevealed mining-designated tiles to cancel their designation (with a "warm stone" warning) once they are revealed.

<small><sup>1</sup> - specifically, one of the inorganic materials having the [LAVA] tag, selected randomly ''per biome'' during worldgen.</small>

==Dangers of magma==
Magma is not immediately fatal when first touched. It is dangerous to stand in magma, but dwarves will generally only suffer minor burns when running from a flow. Most creatures can survive standing on even a completely filled magma tile for a single step, but any more and they will likely die. This may be intentional [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenfrost_effect]

Unlike how waterfalls create mist magmafalls create no magma mist, yet if some debris from a [[cave-in]] lands in some magma a deadly cloud of [[magma mist]] is released.

{{Category|Physics}}
{{Magma FAQ}}