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Editing 40d:Smelting

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{{av}}{{Quality|Masterwork}}
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{{av}}{{dwarven}}
'''Smelting''' is the act of refining raw stone ore(s) into useful bars of pure metal(s) or alloys.  Smelting is similar but distinct from [[melting]], which reclaims existing metal objects back into (fractional) bars. Metal bars produced at a [[smelter]] are usable in a wide variety of goods, from weapons to goblets to furniture to buildings.
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'''Smelting''' is the act of refining raw stone ore(s) into useful bars of pure metal(s) or alloys.  Smelting is similar but distinct from {{L|melting}}, which reclaims existing metal objects back into (fractional) bars. Metal bars produced at a {{L|smelter}} are usable in a wide variety of goods, from weapons to goblets to furniture to buildings.
  
Smelting also refines [[bituminous coal]] or [[lignite]] into [[coke]], a [[fuel]] which is equivalent to [[charcoal]]. Fuel is required to operate a smelter, metalsmith's forge, kiln, or glass furnace.
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Smelting also refines {{L|bituminous coal}} or {{L|lignite}} into {{L|coke}}, a {{L|fuel}} which is equivalent to {{L|charcoal}}. Fuel is required to operate a smelter, metalsmith's forge, kiln, or glass furnace.
  
Smelting requires the [[ore]] (or coal) to be processed, a [[smelter]], either [[fuel]] or (for [[magma smelter]]s) [[magma]] at least 4/7 deep, and a dwarf with the [[furnace operator]] [[skill]] enabled. Training in the skill is not required - since bars have no [[quality]] the only difference is the time the [[labor]] takes.  
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Smelting requires the {{L|ore}} (or coal) to be processed, a {{L|smelter}}, either {{L|fuel}} or (for {{L|magma smelter}}s) {{L|magma}} at least 4/7 deep, and a dwarf with the {{L|furnace operator}} {{L|skill}} enabled. Training in the skill is not required - since bars have no {{L|quality}} the only difference is the time the {{L|labor}} takes.  
  
Since smelting coke requires [[fuel]] in a conventional (non-magma) smelter, usually one [[wood]] is burned in a [[wood burner]] to create one charcoal to start the process.  Alternatives are to bring one bar of charcoal or coke with the expedition at embark, [[trade]] for one from [[caravan]]s, or go straight to magma smelters.
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Since smelting coke requires {{L|fuel}} in a conventional (non-magma) smelter, usually one {{L|wood}} is burned in a {{L|wood burner}} to create one charcoal to start the process.  Alternatives are to bring one bar of charcoal or coke with the expedition at embark, {{L|trade}} for one from {{L|caravan}}s, or go straight to magma smelters.
  
 
==Smelting ore results==
 
==Smelting ore results==
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{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
! [[Ore]]
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! {{L|Ore}}
! [[Iron]]
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! {{L|Iron}}
! [[Gold]]
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! {{L|Gold}}
! [[Silver]]
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! {{L|Silver}}
! [[Copper]]
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! {{L|Copper}}
! [[Nickel]]
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! {{L|Nickel}}
! [[Zinc]]
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! {{L|Zinc}}
! [[Platinum]]
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! {{L|Platinum}}
! [[Tin]]
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! {{L|Tin}}
! [[Bismuth]]
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! {{L|Bismuth}}
! [[Lead]]
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! {{L|Lead}}
! [[Aluminum]]
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! {{L|Aluminum}}
! [[Adamantine]]
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! {{L|Adamantine}}
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Hematite]]
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| {{L|Hematite}}
 
| 100%
 
| 100%
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Limonite]]
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| {{L|Limonite}}
 
| 100%
 
| 100%
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Magnetite]]
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| {{L|Magnetite}}
 
| 100%
 
| 100%
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Garnierite]]
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| {{L|Garnierite}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Native platinum]]
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| {{L|Native platinum}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Native gold]]
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| {{L|Native gold}}
 
|
 
|
 
| 100%
 
| 100%
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Native silver]]
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| {{L|Native silver}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Horn silver]]
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| {{L|Horn silver}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Galena]]
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| {{L|Galena}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Tetrahedrite]]
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| {{L|Tetrahedrite}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Native copper]]
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| {{L|Native copper}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Malachite]]
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| {{L|Malachite}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Sphalerite]]
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| {{L|Sphalerite}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Cassiterite]]
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| {{L|Cassiterite}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Bismuthinite]]
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| {{L|Bismuthinite}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Aluminum]]
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| {{L|Aluminum}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Adamantine#Processing|Adamantine strands]]
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| {{L|Adamantine#Processing|Adamantine strands}}
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|}
 
|}
  
Note that smelting [[galena]] often produces only [[lead]], which is mostly used in producing [[lay pewter]].  Additionally, smelting [[Adamantine]] strands results in wafers, which are needed in greater quantities than bars when creating items.
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Note that smelting {{L|galena}} often produces only {{L|lead}}, which is mostly used in producing {{L|lay pewter}}.  Additionally, smelting {{L|Adamantine}} strands results in wafers, which are needed in greater quantities than bars when creating items.
  
 
==Coke smelting==
 
==Coke smelting==
Please note that [[wood]] is not actually smelted, it is burned in the wood [[furnace]].  It is not called [[coke]] when burned, it is called [[charcoal]].
+
Please note that {{L|wood}} is not actually smelted, it is burned in the wood {{L|furnace}}.  It is not called {{L|coke}} when burned, it is called {{L|charcoal}}.
*[[Bituminous coal]] smelts into 3 [[coke]]
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*{{L|Bituminous coal}} smelts into 3 {{L|coke}}
*[[Lignite]] smelts into 2 [[coke]]
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*{{L|Lignite}} smelts into 2 {{L|coke}}
*[[Wood]] burns into 1 [[charcoal]]
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*{{L|Wood}} burns into 1 {{L|charcoal}}
 
 
Since smelting coal requires using one unit of fuel, bituminous coal is effectively twice as efficient at producing coke as lignite.  You'll need twice as many coke smelters to support your metals production if your source of coke is lignite.
 
  
 
==Flux==
 
==Flux==
[[Flux]] is a stone that is used in the production of [[pig iron]] and [[steel]].  5 types of [[stone]] are classified as [[flux]]: [[Calcite]], [[chalk]], [[dolomite]], [[limestone]], and [[marble]].  All function the same way, so if a recipe requires [[flux]], any will do.
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[[Flux]] is a stone that is used in the production of [[pig iron]] and [[steel]].  5 types of [[stone]] are classified as [[flux]]: {{L|Calcite}}, {{L|chalk}}, {{L|dolomite}}, {{L|limestone}}, and {{L|marble}}.  All function the same way, so if a recipe requires {{L|flux}}, any will do.
 
:''(In real life, flux helps get the impurities out of the raw metal.)''
 
:''(In real life, flux helps get the impurities out of the raw metal.)''
  
 
==Alloys==
 
==Alloys==
Certain metals can be smelted together to create a new metal called an [[alloy]]. There are 2 sets of recipes for alloys.  The first set use only [[ore]] while the second set use only [[bar]]s.  You cannot mix the two.
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Certain metals can be smelted together to create a new metal called an {{L|alloy}}. There are 2 sets of recipes for alloys.  The first set use only {{L|ore}} while the second set use only {{L|bar}}s.  You cannot mix the two.
  
 
===Recipes using ore===
 
===Recipes using ore===
Please note that when [[copper]] or [[silver]] [[ore]] is needed, any type of ore that produces [[copper]] bars or [[silver]] bars may be used. This means that you can actually make [[billon]] bars out of just [[tetrahedrite]].
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Please note that when {{L|copper}} or {{L|silver}} {{L|ore}} is needed, any type of ore that produces {{L|copper}} bars or {{L|silver}} bars may be used. This means that you can actually make {{L|billon}} bars out of just {{L|tetrahedrite}}.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
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! Output
 
! Output
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Copper}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Silver]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Silver}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Billon]] bars[2]
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| {{L|Billon}} bars[2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Copper}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Sphalerite]]
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| {{L|Sphalerite}}
| [[Brass]] bars[2]
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| {{L|Brass}} bars[2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Copper}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Cassiterite]]
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| {{L|Cassiterite}}
| [[Bronze]] bars[2]
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| {{L|Bronze}} bars[2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Native gold]]
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| {{L|Native gold}}
| [[Silver]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Silver}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Electrum]] bars[2]
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| {{L|Electrum}} bars[2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Copper}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Cassiterite]][3]
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| {{L|Cassiterite}}[3]
| [[Fine pewter]] bars[4]
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| {{L|Fine pewter}} bars[4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| {{L|Copper}} {{L|ore}}
| [[Cassiterite]][2]
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| {{L|Cassiterite}}[2]
| [[Trifle pewter]] bars[3]
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| {{L|Trifle pewter}} bars[3]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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! Output
 
! Output
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
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| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Silver]] bars
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| {{L|Silver}} bars
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
| [[Billon]] bars
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| {{L|Billon}} bars
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars [2]
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| {{L|Copper}} bars [2]
| [[Tin]] bars
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| {{L|Tin}} bars
| [[Bismuth]] bars
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| {{L|Bismuth}} bars
 
|
 
|
| [[Bismuth bronze]] bars [4]
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| {{L|Bismuth bronze}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars [2]
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| {{L|Copper}} bars [2]
| [[Silver]] bars
+
| {{L|Silver}} bars
| [[Gold]] bars
+
| {{L|Gold}} bars
 
|
 
|
| [[Black bronze]] bars [4]
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| {{L|Black bronze}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
+
| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Zinc]] bars
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| {{L|Zinc}} bars
 
|  
 
|  
 
|
 
|
| [[Brass]] bars [2]
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| {{L|Brass}} bars [2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
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| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Tin]] bars
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| {{L|Tin}} bars
 
|  
 
|  
 
|
 
|
| [[Bronze]] bars [2]
+
| {{L|Bronze}} bars [2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Gold]] bars
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| {{L|Gold}} bars
| [[Silver]] bars
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| {{L|Silver}} bars
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
| [[Electrum]] bars [2]
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| {{L|Electrum}} bars [2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
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| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Tin]] bars [3]
+
| {{L|Tin}} bars [3]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
| [[Fine pewter]] bars [4]
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| {{L|Fine Pewter}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
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| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Tin]] bars [2]
+
| {{L|Tin}} bars [2]
| [[Lead]] bars
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| {{L|Lead}} bars
 
|
 
|
| [[Lay pewter]] bars [4]
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| {{L|Lay pewter}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bar
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| {{L|Copper}} bar
| [[Nickel]] bars [2]
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| {{L|Nickel}} bars [2]
| [[Zinc]] bars
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| {{L|Zinc}} bars
 
|
 
|
| [[Nickel silver]] bars [4]
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| {{L|Nickel silver}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Iron]] bars
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| {{L|Iron}} bars
| [[Coal fuel]]<sup>1</sup>
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| {{L|Coal fuel}}<sup>1</sup>
| [[Flux]]
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| {{L|Flux}}
 
|
 
|
| [[Pig iron]] bars
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| {{L|Pig iron}} bars
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
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| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Gold]] bars [3]
+
| {{L|Gold}} bars [3]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
| [[Rose gold]] bars [4]
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| {{L|Rose gold}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Iron]] bar
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| {{L|Iron}} bar
| [[Pig iron]] bars
+
| {{L|Pig iron}} bars
| [[Coal fuel]]<sup>1</sup>
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| {{L|Coal fuel}}<sup>1</sup>
| [[Flux]]
+
| {{L|Flux}}
| [[Steel]] bars [2]
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| {{L|Steel}} bars [2]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars [3]
+
| {{L|Copper}} bars [3]
| [[Silver]] bars
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| {{L|Silver}} bars
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
| [[Sterling silver]] bars [4]
+
| {{L|Sterling silver}} bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
| [[Copper]] bars
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| {{L|Copper}} bars
| [[Tin]] bars [2]
+
| {{L|Tin}} bars [2]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
| [[Trifle pewter]] bars [3]
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| {{L|Trifle pewter}} bars [3]
 
|}
 
|}
:<sup>1: The [[fuel]] used as a reagent for making pig iron and steel bars also counts as the [[fuel]] needed by a conventional (non-magma) [[smelter]].  It is still required at a [[magma smelter]] for the reaction.</sup>
+
:<sup>1: The {{L|fuel}} used as a reagent for making pig iron and steel bars also counts as the {{L|fuel}} needed by a conventional (non-magma) {{L|smelter}}.  It is still required at a {{L|magma smelter}} for the reaction.</sup>
  
Note: Every recipe that is not used in [[steel]] making (except [[electrum]]) requires some [[copper]].  If you want to have a variety of [[metal]]s in your fortress, you will want to conserve this resource.
+
Note: Every recipe that is not used in {{L|steel}} making (except {{L|electrum}}) requires some {{L|copper}}.  If you want to have a variety of {{L|metal}}s in your fortress, you will want to conserve this resource.
  
 
A spreadsheet listing these recipes can be found at the following link.  Work is being done currently to allow a person to input how much [[ore]] and [[bar]]s he has, and the sheet will tell him how many of what kinds of [[metal]]s he can make.  Both Excel and Open Office formats are included: [http://mkv25.net/showcase/df/Ore%20Smelting%20Chart.zip]
 
A spreadsheet listing these recipes can be found at the following link.  Work is being done currently to allow a person to input how much [[ore]] and [[bar]]s he has, and the sheet will tell him how many of what kinds of [[metal]]s he can make.  Both Excel and Open Office formats are included: [http://mkv25.net/showcase/df/Ore%20Smelting%20Chart.zip]
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'''See also'''
 
'''See also'''
  
* [[Smelter]]
+
* {{L|Smelter}}
* [[Magma smelter]]
+
* {{L|Magma Smelter}}
* [[Ore]]
+
* {{L|Ore}}
* [[Metal]]
+
* {{L|Metal}}
  
 
[[Category:Guides]]
 
[[Category:Guides]]

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