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Editing 40d:Smelting

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== Building and using a Smelter ==
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'''Smelting''' is the act of refining raw stone ore(s) into useful bars of pure metal(s) or alloys.  Smelting is similar but distinct from [[melting]], which reclaims existing metal objects back into (fractional) bars. Metal bars produced at a [[smelter]] are usable in a wide variety of goods, from weapons to goblets to furniture to buildings.
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Metal bars you produced with a [[smelter]] are usable in a wide variety of goods, and fuel is usable in a smelter, metalsmith's forge, kiln, or glass furnace.
  
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Smelting also refines [[bituminous coal]] or [[lignite]] into [[coke]], a [[fuel]] which is equivalent to [[charcoal]]. Fuel is required to operate a smelter, metalsmith's forge, kiln, or glass furnace.
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To build a [[smelter]] you need to have a dwarf with the building designer skill, a Fire-safe material and the appropriate craftsdwarf. You place a smelter building using the keyboard commands {{K|b}}-{{K|e}}-{{K|s}}, after which your architect dwarf designs it and then your craftsdwarf builds it.
  
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Smelting requires the [[ore]] (or coal) to be processed, a [[smelter]], either [[fuel]] or (for [[magma smelter]]s) [[magma]] at least 4/7 deep, and a dwarf with the [[furnace operator]] [[skill]] enabled. Training in the skill is not required - since bars have no [[quality]] the only difference is the time the [[labor]] takes.  
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Using a smelter requires a dwarf with the furnace operator skill and one unit of fuel. You require ore to make a metal bar, or bituminous coal or lignite to make coke. Just like any other building you give a smelter a task using {{K|q}}.
  
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Since smelting coke requires [[fuel]] in a conventional (non-magma) smelter, usually one [[wood]] is burned in a [[wood burner]] to create one charcoal to start the process.  Alternatives are to bring one bar of charcoal or coke with the expedition at embark, [[trade]] for one from [[caravan]]s, or go straight to magma smelters.
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Please note that you have to already have a fuel source in order to make fuel in a smelter, so you either have to bring a unit of fuel or wood with your expedition, have a wood cutter, trade for fuel, or use a [[wood burner]] to make charcoal.
  
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==Smelting ore results==
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If your map has a magma vent or pipe, either visible from the start or one that you have tunneled into, you can instead use a [[Magma smelter|magma smelter]], built using the keyboard commands {{K|b}}-{{K|e}}-{{K|l}}. The requirements for building it are the same as for a regular smelter, but for it to function, there must be open space under one of the eight edge tiles(the center is the only tile that cannot be open space), and on the Z-level beneath, there must be magma in that open space, to a depth of at least 4/7. Magma does not currently obey pressure and seek its own level, so tapping a magma pipe from the lowest available Z-level will not cause all the magma above it to rush into the fortress through the opening in the smelter. If there is sufficient magma under the smelter, the circle in the impassable tile at the top middle of the smelter will be red; if not, it will be grey. There does not need to be magma present when the smelter is built, but the channel must be dug in advance, because this cannot be done when the building is already in place.
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All ores smelted alone have a % chance of producing a certain kind of bar.  The following table shows those chances.
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The magma channel can be under the impassable tile, but it does not need to be. Placing it there may help prevent magma-dwelling creatures from actually seeing any dwarves that may be working in the smelter.
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The critical advantage of a magma smelter is that it requires no fuel, except coke or charcoal will still be used in the production of pig iron and steel.
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==Smelting Ore Results==
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All ores smelted alone have a % chance of turning into a certain kind of bar.  The following table shows those chances.
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
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| [[Native platinum]]
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| [[Platinum nuggets]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Native gold]]
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| [[Gold nuggets]]
 
|
 
|
 
| 100%
 
| 100%
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Native silver]]
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| [[Silver nuggets]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Native copper]]
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| [[Copper nuggets]]
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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| 100%
 
| 100%
 
|}
 
|}
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Note that smelting [[galena]] often produces only [[lead]], which is mostly used in producing [[lay pewter]].  Additionally, smelting [[Adamantine]] strands results in wafers, which are needed in greater quantities than bars when creating items.
 
Note that smelting [[galena]] often produces only [[lead]], which is mostly used in producing [[lay pewter]].  Additionally, smelting [[Adamantine]] strands results in wafers, which are needed in greater quantities than bars when creating items.
  
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==Coke smelting==
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==Coke Smelting==
 
Please note that [[wood]] is not actually smelted, it is burned in the wood [[furnace]].  It is not called [[coke]] when burned, it is called [[charcoal]].
 
Please note that [[wood]] is not actually smelted, it is burned in the wood [[furnace]].  It is not called [[coke]] when burned, it is called [[charcoal]].
 
*[[Bituminous coal]] smelts into 3 [[coke]]
 
*[[Bituminous coal]] smelts into 3 [[coke]]
 
*[[Lignite]] smelts into 2 [[coke]]
 
*[[Lignite]] smelts into 2 [[coke]]
 
*[[Wood]] burns into 1 [[charcoal]]
 
*[[Wood]] burns into 1 [[charcoal]]
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Since smelting coal requires using one unit of fuel, bituminous coal is effectively twice as efficient at producing coke as lignite.  You'll need twice as many coke smelters to support your metals production if your source of coke is lignite.
 
  
 
==Flux==
 
==Flux==
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[[Flux]] is a stone that is used in the production of [[pig iron]] and [[steel]].  5 types of [[stone]] are classified as [[flux]]: [[Calcite]], [[chalk]], [[dolomite]], [[limestone]], and [[marble]].  All function the same way, so if a recipe requires [[flux]], any will do.
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[[Flux]] is that stuff you use to get the impurities out of [[steel]].  There are 5 kinds of [[flux]]: [[Calcite]], [[limestone]], [[dolomite]], [[chalk]], [[marble]].  All function the same way so if you see [[flux]] in a recipe, any will do.
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:''(In real life, flux helps get the impurities out of the raw metal.)''
 
  
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==Alloys==
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==[[Alloy]]s==
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Certain metals can be smelted together to create a new metal called an [[alloy]]. There are 2 sets of recipes for alloys.  The first set use only [[ore]] while the second set use only [[bar]]s.  You cannot mix the two.
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There are 2 sets of recipes for [[alloy]]s.  The first set use only [[ore]] while the second set use only [[bar]]s.  You cannot mix the two.
  
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===Recipes using ore===
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==Recipes using Ore==
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Please note that when [[copper]] or [[silver]] [[ore]] is needed, any type of ore that produces [[copper]] bars or [[silver]] bars may be used. This means that you can actually make [[billon]] bars out of just [[tetrahedrite]].
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Please note that when [[copper]] or [[silver]] [[ore]] is needed, any type of ore that produces [[copper]] bars or [[silver]] bars may be used.
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This means that you can actually make [[billon]] bars out of just [[tetrahedrite]].
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
|-
 
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|-
 
|-
 
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
 
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| [[Silver]] [[ore]]
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| [[Cassiterite]]
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| [[Billon]] bars[2]
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| [[Bronze]] bars[2]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
 
| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| [[Brass]] bars[2]
 
| [[Brass]] bars[2]
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| [[Gold nuggets]]
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| [[Cassiterite]]
 
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| [[Bronze]] bars[2]
 
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|-
 
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| [[Native gold]]
 
 
| [[Silver]] [[ore]]
 
| [[Silver]] [[ore]]
 
| [[Electrum]] bars[2]
 
| [[Electrum]] bars[2]
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| [[Cassiterite]][2]
 
| [[Cassiterite]][2]
 
| [[Trifle pewter]] bars[3]
 
| [[Trifle pewter]] bars[3]
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|-
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| [[Silver]] [[ore]]
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| [[Copper]] [[ore]]
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| [[Billon]] bars[2]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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===Recipes using bars===
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==Recipes using Bars==
 
The following are all the recipes when smelting bars at the smelter.
 
The following are all the recipes when smelting bars at the smelter.
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{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
 
|-
 
|-
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|-
 
|-
 
| [[Copper]] bars
 
| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Silver]] bars
 
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|
 
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|
 
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| [[Billon]] bars
 
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|-
 
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| [[Copper]] bars [2]
 
 
| [[Tin]] bars
 
| [[Tin]] bars
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| [[Bismuth]] bars
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|  
 
|
 
|
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| [[Bismuth bronze]] bars [4]
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| [[Bronze]] bars [2]
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|-
 
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| [[Copper]] bars [2]
 
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| [[Silver]] bars
 
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| [[Gold]] bars
 
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|
 
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| [[Black bronze]] bars [4]
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Copper]] bars
 
| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Brass]] bars [2]
 
| [[Brass]] bars [2]
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Iron]] bars
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| [[Tin]] bars
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| [[Coke]]*
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|  
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| [[Flux]]
 
|
 
|
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| [[Bronze]] bars [2]
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| [[Pig iron]] bars
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|-
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| [[Iron]] bar
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| [[Pig iron]] bars
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| [[Coke]]*
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| [[Flux]]
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| [[Steel]] bars [2]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Gold]] bars
 
| [[Gold]] bars
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|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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| [[Fine pewter]] bars [4]
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| [[Fine Pewter]] bars [4]
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|-
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| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Tin]] bars [2]
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|
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|
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| [[Trifle pewter]] bars [3]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Copper]] bars
 
| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Nickel silver]] bars [4]
 
| [[Nickel silver]] bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Iron]] bars
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| [[Silver]] bars
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| [[Coal fuel]]<sup>1</sup>
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| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Flux]]
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|
 
|
 
|
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| [[Pig iron]] bars
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| [[Billon]] bars
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Silver]] bars [3]
 
| [[Copper]] bars
 
| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Gold]] bars [3]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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| [[Rose gold]] bars [4]
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| [[Sterling silver]] bars [4]
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Iron]] bar
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| [[Gold]] bars
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| [[Pig iron]] bars
 
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| [[Coal fuel]]<sup>1</sup>
 
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| [[Flux]]
 
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| [[Steel]] bars [2]
 
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|-
 
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| [[Copper]] bars [3]
 
 
| [[Silver]] bars
 
| [[Silver]] bars
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| [[Copper]] bars [2]
 
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|
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|
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| [[Black bronze]] bars [4]
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| [[Sterling silver]] bars [4]
 
 
|-
 
|-
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| [[Gold]] bars [3]
 
| [[Copper]] bars
 
| [[Copper]] bars
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| [[Tin]] bars [2]
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
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| [[Trifle pewter]] bars [3]
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| [[Rose gold]] bars [4]
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|-
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| [[Copper]] bars [2]
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| [[Tin]] bars
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| [[Bismuth]] bars
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|
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| [[Bismuth bronze]] bars [4]
 
|}
 
|}
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:<sup>1: The [[fuel]] used as a reagent for making pig iron and steel bars also counts as the [[fuel]] needed by a conventional (non-magma) [[smelter]].  It is still required at a [[magma smelter]] for the reaction.</sup>
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* The [[coke]] used as a reagent for making pig iron and steel bars also counts as the [[fuel]] needed by a normal [[smelter]].
  
 
Note: Every recipe that is not used in [[steel]] making (except [[electrum]]) requires some [[copper]].  If you want to have a variety of [[metal]]s in your fortress, you will want to conserve this resource.
 
Note: Every recipe that is not used in [[steel]] making (except [[electrum]]) requires some [[copper]].  If you want to have a variety of [[metal]]s in your fortress, you will want to conserve this resource.
  
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A spreadsheet listing these recipes can be found at the following link.  Work is being done currently to allow a person to input how much [[ore]] and [[bar]]s he has, and the sheet will tell him how many of what kinds of [[metal]]s he can make.  Both Excel and Open Office formats are included: [http://mkv25.net/showcase/df/Ore%20Smelting%20Chart.zip]
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A spreadsheet listing these recipes can be found at the following link.  Work is being done currently to allow a person to input how much [[ore]] and [[bar]]s he has, and the sheet will tell him how many of what kinds of [[metal]]s he can make.  Both Excel and Open Office formats are included: http://mkv25.net/showcase/df/Ore%20Smelting%20Chart.zip
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--[[User:Chthon|Chthon]] 10:11, 3 November 2007 (EDT)
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'''See also'''
 
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* [[Smelter]]
 
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* [[Magma smelter]]
 
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* [[Ore]]
 
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* [[Metal]]
 
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[[Category:Guides]]
 
[[Category:Guides]]

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