Editing User:Immibis/RAM

<s>Please note that the content of this page is (currently) only an idea and has not been tested.</s>
Update 04:44, 13 September 2010 (UTC): The main design (but not the control logic) has been tested with a prototype lever-controlled 2-bit RAM. Procedures for reading and writing have been updated to work around a bug in Dwarf Fortress.

==Space-efficient Random Access Memory==
The basic idea is to have a grid of 1x1 cells that can hold some [[water]] (or [[magma]]). The specific cell to read/write would be selected by selecting the row and the column of the desired cell. This will require some complicated machinery to manage, however.

The overall layout is like this:
 Z-1
 x x x x    x = wall
 x x x x    H = hatch
 x x x x    All the hatches in a single (horizontal) row are connected to one pressure plate
 x D D D    D = door for access
 x x x x    . = channel
 x x x x
 x x x x
 Z 0       Z+1
 xxxxxxx   xxxxxxx
 xHxHxHx   x.x.x.x
 xxDxDxD   xxxxxxx
 xHxHxHx   x.x.x.x
 xxxxxxx   xxxxxxx
 xHxHxHx   x.x.x.x
 xxDxDxD   xxxxxxx
continued for a while in each direction. To make Z+1 you probably want to build down-stairs on the channel tiles, up-stairs where the hatches will go, then remove the up-stairs.

The number of rows must be a power of two, the number of columns doesn't have to be.

The values would be stored in the cells on Z+1.

Notes:
* The "desired column" means the column containing the cell to be read/written.
* The "desired row" means the row containing the cell to be read/written.
* "Flood XXX to ZZ" means to flood the area up to and including the Z-level ZZ.
* "Drain XXX" means the area should not be flooded at all.

To read a cell:
# Flood all columns except the desired column to Z0. Flood the desired column to Z-1.
# Open the hatches in the desired row.
# If the cell contains water, the water will flow onto a pressure plate on Z0 of the column (not shown in the diagram)
This is a destructive read, so the data must be rewritten afterwards.

To write a 1 to a cell (ORDER IS IMPORTANT):
# Flood all columns to Z0.
# Open the hatches in the desired row.
# Flood the desired column to Z1.
# Water will flow into the cell, if it isn't already there.

To write a 0 to a cell (ORDER IS IMPORTANT):
# Flood all columns except the desired column to Z0.
# Drain the desired column.
# Open the hatches in the desired row.
# Water will flow out of the cell, if it's there.

==Memory controller==
Just another reminder: this is all theory and hasn't been tested.

The controller described here requires a source of highly pressurized water. (From a pump or an infinite source, which should be a few z-levels higher than the machinery). Remember to be very careful!

===Per-row machinery===
Each row needs a single pressure plate connected to all hatches along that row. The input to this part of the controller is a binary number indicating which row to select. Since the number of rows must be a power of two, this is easy:
 xxxxxx
 x.^<span style='color: red'>#</span> xxx
 xxxx <span style='color: red'>#</span> x
 x.^<span style='color: blue'>#</span> x xxx
 xxxxxx <span style='color: red'>#</span> x
 x.^<span style='color: red'>#</span> x x x
 xxxx <span style='color: blue'>#</span> x x
 x.^<span style='color: blue'>#</span> xxx xxx
 xxxxxx x # <-- pressurized water source
 x.^<span style='color: red'>#</span> xxx xxx
 xxxx <span style='color: red'>#</span> x x
 x.^<span style='color: blue'>#</span> x x x
 xxxxxx <span style='color: blue'>#</span> x
 x.^<span style='color: red'>#</span> x xxx
 xxxx <span style='color: blue'>#</span> x
 x.^<span style='color: blue'>#</span> xxx
 xxxxxx
Continue this pattern for more rows. Vertical lines of # marks are all related to the same bit of the input (it doesn't matter which line connects with which bit). Blue # marks are [[floodgate]]s or [[door]]s linked to that bit. Red # marks are floodgates or doors linked to the inverse of that bit (they will be open when the red ones are shut and vice-versa). "." is a channel to a drain, probably down a few z-levels. The floodgate which is not red or blue lets water into the machine. This is used to close all hatches. The pressure pads should be set to about 3-7 (experimentation needed)

===Per-column machinery===
Each column needs three pumps with gears, one for each Z-level that can be flooded (-1, 0 and 1). They also need floodgates or pumps at the other end to drain them. Also, a pressure plate on Z0 is required.
They might be arranged like this:
 Z-1  Z 0  Z+1
 x x  xxx
 x x  x^x  xxx
 x x  x.x  x.x
 x'''%'''x  x'''%'''x  x'''%'''x  S = stairs for access
 S%** S%** S%** '''%''' = pump output tile
 x.x  x.x  x.x  % = pump input tile
 xxx  xxx  x x  . = channel
            ^
            | pressurized
            | water source

The floor below the pumps should NOT be channeled or they will transfer power to each other. The left gear on each z-level will be connected to the control logic and the right gear provides power between Z-levels. The right gears have channels between them to transfer power.

The pressure plate should be set to about 2-6 or 3-6, as there will be 7 water which will spread between the pressure plate and the tile next to it. However, if there is 7 water on each tile, then the column must be flooded to Z0 or Z+1 in which case the output needs to be 0 (so we can OR all columns to get the result)

===Control logic===

When unused, all columns should be flooded to Z0.
The pumps and drains for each column should be connected to a logic circuit as follows: (the drain could be a pump or a floodgate)
(this assumes the inputs are disconnected for undesired columns)
* Z-1 pump = read
* Z0 pump = NOT (write-1 OR read OR write-0)
* Z+1 pump = write-1
* Drain = write-0
Alternatively:
* Z-1 pump = read AND selected
* Z0 pump = NOT selected
* Z+1 pump = write-1 AND selected
* Drain = write-0 AND selected.

The read, write-0 and write-1 inputs can be connected together for every column, if there is a way of disconnecting individual columns from all three at once.

The address is used as follows:
* As mentioned earlier, the number of rows MUST be a power of two, but the number of columns doesn't need to be.
* If there are 2^N rows, the lower N bits of the address go directly to the row control machinery.
* The upper bits of the address select which row's inputs aren't disconnected.



==AutoHotKey script==
This does most of the designation of the main area for you. It will designate enough for 1024 bits (32x32).
Before running this script, you must be in designate mode with the cursor on the bottom right lower-z corner of the 64x64x3 area.

<pre>
<nowiki>
#NoEnv
SetBatchLines, -1
ListLines, Off

SetKeyDelay, 15, 0
IfWinExist, Dwarf Fortress
{
	WinActivate
	WinWaitActive

	; this is Z-1
	; designate a 64x64 area to the top-left of (and including) the currently selected square for digging
	Send d{ENTER}+{UP 6}{UP 3}+{LEFT 6}{LEFT 3}{ENTER}

	; un-designate walls between columns, then return to starting point
	Send x
	Loop, 16
		Send {RIGHT}{ENTER}+{DOWN 6}{DOWN 3}{ENTER}{RIGHT 2}{ENTER}+{UP 6}{UP 3}{ENTER}{RIGHT}
	Send {LEFT}+{DOWN 6}{DOWN 3}

	; make an access tunnel halfway up and return to starting point
	Send d+{UP 3}{UP 1}{ENTER}+{LEFT 6}{LEFT 3}{ENTER}+{RIGHT 6}{RIGHT 3}+{DOWN 3}{DOWN 1}

	; move one z-level up
	Send +,

	; this is Z0
	; designate the same 64x64 area for up-stairs
	Send u{ENTER}+{UP 6}{UP 3}+{LEFT 6}{LEFT 3}{ENTER}
	
	; un-designate walls between columns and rows, then return to starting point
	Send x
	Loop, 16
		Send {RIGHT}{ENTER}+{DOWN 6}{DOWN 3}{ENTER}{RIGHT 2}{ENTER}+{UP 6}{UP 3}{ENTER}{RIGHT}
	Send {LEFT}
	Loop, 16
		Send {DOWN}{ENTER}+{LEFT 6}{LEFT 3}{ENTER}{DOWN 2}{ENTER}+{RIGHT 6}{RIGHT 3}{ENTER}{DOWN}
	Send {UP}

	; designate access door spaces for digging and return to starting point
	Send d
	Loop, 16
	{
		Send {UP 2}
		Loop, 32
			Send {ENTER 2}{LEFT 2}
		Send +{RIGHT 6}{RIGHT 4}
		Send {UP 2}
	}
	Send +{DOWN 6}{DOWN 4}

	; move one z-level up
	Send +,

	; this is Z+1

	; designate the same 64x64 area for down-stairs
	Send j{ENTER}+{UP 6}{UP 3}+{LEFT 6}{LEFT 3}{ENTER}
	
	; un-designate walls between columns and rows, then return to starting point
	Send x
	Loop, 16
		Send {RIGHT}{ENTER}+{DOWN 6}{DOWN 3}{ENTER}{RIGHT 2}{ENTER}+{UP 6}{UP 3}{ENTER}{RIGHT}
	Send {LEFT}
	Loop, 16
		Send {DOWN}{ENTER}+{LEFT 6}{LEFT 3}{ENTER}{DOWN 2}{ENTER}+{RIGHT 6}{RIGHT 3}{ENTER}{DOWN}
	Send {UP}

	; move two z-levels down
	Send +{. 2}

	; finished
}
else
{
	MsgBox Dwarf Fortress is not running
}
</nowiki>
</pre>