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− | {{Quality|Exceptional}} | + | {{Quality|Exceptional|20:56, 20 September 2016 (UTC)}} |
{{Alloy3 | {{Alloy3 | ||
|name=Steel | |name=Steel | ||
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|color=0:7:1 | |color=0:7:1 | ||
|color1=0:0:1 | |color1=0:0:1 | ||
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}}{{av}} | }}{{av}} | ||
− | '''Steel''' is an [[alloy]] of [[iron]] and carbon ([[fuel|refined coal]]), made at a smelter. It is the best common | + | '''Steel''' is an [[alloy]] of [[iron]] and carbon ([[fuel|refined coal]]), made at a smelter. It is the best common metal for smithing most [[weapon]]s and [[armor]]. Steel also has the third highest value of all metals, tied with that of [[gold]]. |
Steel can be created at a [[smelter]] by a [[dwarf]] with the [[furnace operator]] [[labor]] activated. | Steel can be created at a [[smelter]] by a [[dwarf]] with the [[furnace operator]] [[labor]] activated. | ||
− | + | ==Sedimentary layers== | |
− | + | To smelt steel, you will need [[iron]] [[bar]]s, [[flux]] stone, and [[fuel]]. Flux is used to remove impurities, including carbon, during the smelting process, while fuel (charcoal or coke) removes oxygen and puts back in a small amount of carbon. The end result is steel: iron with just the right amount of carbon in it. The three ores of iron (hematite, magnetite, and limonite) can only be found in [[sedimentary layer]]s, with the exception of hematite, which can occasionally be found in igneous extrusive layers. Furthermore, four of the five [[flux]] stones (calcite, chalk, dolomite, and limestone) are found only in sedimentary layers, as well as both [[coal]] ores (bituminous coal and lignite). | |
− | To smelt steel, you will need [[iron]] [[bar]]s, [[flux]] stone, and [[fuel]]. Flux is used to remove impurities, including carbon, during the smelting process, while fuel (charcoal or coke) removes oxygen and puts back in a small amount of carbon. The end result is steel: iron with just the right amount of carbon in it. The three ores of iron (hematite, magnetite, and limonite) can only be found in [[sedimentary layer]]s, with the exception of hematite, which can occasionally be found in igneous extrusive layers. Furthermore, four of the five [[flux]] | ||
If you have no sedimentary layers at your fortress site, your only hope to make steel is with: | If you have no sedimentary layers at your fortress site, your only hope to make steel is with: | ||
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<!-- EDITORS: If you think these calculations are incorrect, please explain on the Talk page. Also see "100% Recipe" in notes at bottom. --> | <!-- EDITORS: If you think these calculations are incorrect, please explain on the Talk page. Also see "100% Recipe" in notes at bottom. --> | ||
− | Steel production is fairly complex compared to the creation of other [[alloy]]s, which only involves one step to combine bars of different pure | + | Steel production is fairly complex compared to the creation of other [[alloy]]s, which only involves one step to combine bars of different pure [[metal]]s to create the final product. Steelmaking from iron bars* has 2 steps, and both steps require coke or charcoal ''as part of the actual reaction'', combining that "[[fuel]]" with the other ingredients. This is required ''in addition'' to any heating source, if using a non-magma smelter (full details below). |
: ''(* If starting from iron ''[[ore]]'', you will first need to create iron bars. Steel (or Pig Iron) cannot be created directly from ore. 1 ore creates 4 bars, but the recipe only requires 2 at a time.)'' | : ''(* If starting from iron ''[[ore]]'', you will first need to create iron bars. Steel (or Pig Iron) cannot be created directly from ore. 1 ore creates 4 bars, but the recipe only requires 2 at a time.)'' | ||
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'''Recipe:'''<br> | '''Recipe:'''<br> | ||
Necessary ingredients; produces '''2 bars of steel''': | Necessary ingredients; produces '''2 bars of steel''': | ||
− | * 2 bars [[iron]]<sup>1</sup> | + | :* 2 bars [[iron]]<sup>1</sup> |
− | * 2 units [[flux]]<sup>2</sup> | + | :* 2 units [[flux]]<sup>2</sup> |
− | * 4 units of [[fuel]] (or only 2 if magma powered)<sup>3</sup> | + | :* 4 units of [[fuel]] (or only 2 if magma powered)<sup>3</sup> |
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+ | : Notes: | ||
+ | :: 1) Unless you are using a [[magma smelter]], melting iron [[ore]] to create iron bars also requires +1 unit of fuel at a conventional ('''non'''-[[magma smelter|magma]]) [[smelter]], producing a total of 4 bars of iron, twice what the recipe uses. This translates to also needing "half a unit" of additional fuel to the ingredients above for each recipe. Since you cannot use "half a unit", you will need a full unit up front, producing 4 iron bars to start, so add that in to any larger, long-term calculations for ore -> steel. | ||
+ | :: 2) [[Calcite]], [[Chalk]], [[Dolomite]], [[Limestone]], and/or [[Marble]] | ||
+ | :: 3) For larger production runs, if using a '''non'''-[[magma smelter]], you may also have to create more fuel. This means either burning wood at a [[wood furnace]], or using 1 fuel to turn [[bituminous coal]] into +8 fuel each or [[lignite]] into +4 fuel each. Add this to any larger, long-term calculations for steel production. (Read: Don't get caught short, and don't consume your very last fuel without a way of producing more!) | ||
[[Image:SteelSword.png|thumb|right|200px|''A [[steel]] [[short sword]].'']] | [[Image:SteelSword.png|thumb|right|200px|''A [[steel]] [[short sword]].'']] | ||
'''Step 1:''' Use one iron bar to '''create [[pig iron]]''': | '''Step 1:''' Use one iron bar to '''create [[pig iron]]''': | ||
− | * 1 bar of [[iron]] | + | :* 1 bar of [[iron]] |
− | * 1 [[flux]] stone | + | :* 1 [[flux]] stone |
− | * 1 unit of [[fuel]] (as a source of carbon) | + | :* 1 unit of [[fuel]] (as a source of carbon) |
− | * 1 unit of fuel, or magma (to heat the forge) | + | :* 1 unit of fuel, or magma (to heat the forge) |
− | '''Produces''': | + | : '''Produces''': |
− | * 1 bar of pig iron | + | :* 1 bar of pig iron |
'''Step 2:''' Combine the pig iron bar with the second iron bar to '''produce steel''': | '''Step 2:''' Combine the pig iron bar with the second iron bar to '''produce steel''': | ||
− | * 1 bar of iron | + | :* 1 bar of iron |
− | * 1 bar of pig iron | + | :* 1 bar of pig iron |
− | * 1 [[flux]] stone | + | :* 1 [[flux]] stone |
− | * 1 unit of fuel (as a source of carbon) | + | :* 1 unit of fuel (as a source of carbon) |
− | * 1 unit of fuel, or magma (to heat the forge) | + | :* 1 unit of fuel, or magma (to heat the forge) |
− | '''Produces''': | + | : '''Produces''': |
− | + | :: '''2 bars of steel''' | |
+ | |||
To go from raw materials to finished products (assuming 1 bar per crafted item) at a conventional forge, a total of... | To go from raw materials to finished products (assuming 1 bar per crafted item) at a conventional forge, a total of... | ||
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1 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 4 [[flux]]stone + 4 [[fuel]] = 4 bars of steel | 1 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 4 [[flux]]stone + 4 [[fuel]] = 4 bars of steel | ||
− | * 4 Bituminous coal + 9 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 36 [[Flux]]stone = 36 bars of steel | + | :* 4 Bituminous coal + 9 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 36 [[Flux]]stone = 36 bars of steel |
− | * 4 [[Lignite]] + 5 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 20 [[Flux]]stone = 20 bars of steel | + | :* 4 [[Lignite]] + 5 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 20 [[Flux]]stone = 20 bars of steel |
− | * 8 [[Wood]] + 2 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 8 [[Flux]]stone = 8 bars of steel | + | :* 8 [[Wood]] + 2 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 8 [[Flux]]stone = 8 bars of steel |
''' Recipe: Non-Magma ''' | ''' Recipe: Non-Magma ''' | ||
− | * 9 [[wood]] + 1 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 4 [[flux]]stone = 4 bars of steel | + | :* 9 [[wood]] + 1 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 4 [[flux]]stone = 4 bars of steel |
− | * 9 bituminous coal + 8 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 32 [[flux]]stone = 32 bars of steel | + | :* 9 bituminous coal + 8 [[iron]] [[ore]] + 32 [[flux]]stone = 32 bars of steel |
− | * 9 [[lignite]] + 4 x [[iron]] [[ore]] + 16 x [[flux]]stone = 16 bars of steel | + | :*9 [[lignite]] + 4 x [[iron]] [[ore]] + 16 x [[flux]]stone = 16 bars of steel |
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You can fully automate the production of steel via the use of a [[work order]]. The arrangement of these orders would be: | You can fully automate the production of steel via the use of a [[work order]]. The arrangement of these orders would be: | ||
− | :*Make 9 [[coke]] from [[bituminous coal]] (18 [[lignite]], or 72 [[charcoal]]), then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily (press {{K|+}} or {{K|-}} until "Restart if completed, checked daily" is visible). | + | :*Make 9 [[coke]] from [[bituminous coal]] (or 18 [[lignite]], or make 72 [[charcoal]]), then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily (press {{K|+}} or {{K|-}} until "Restart if completed, checked daily" is visible). |
:*Smelt 8 [[magnetite]] ''(or [[hematite]] or [[limonite]])'' [[ore]], then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily. then set the {{K|o}}rder condition to "Make 9 [[coke]] from [[bituminous coal]]" | :*Smelt 8 [[magnetite]] ''(or [[hematite]] or [[limonite]])'' [[ore]], then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily. then set the {{K|o}}rder condition to "Make 9 [[coke]] from [[bituminous coal]]" | ||
:*Make 16 pig iron bars, then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily. then set the {{K|o}}rder condition to "Smelt 8 magnetite ''(or etc.)'' ores" | :*Make 16 pig iron bars, then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily. then set the {{K|o}}rder condition to "Smelt 8 magnetite ''(or etc.)'' ores" | ||
:*Make 16 steel bars, then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily. then set the {{K|o}}rder condition to "Make 16 pig iron bars" | :*Make 16 steel bars, then add the {{K|c}}ondition to restart if completed, checked daily. then set the {{K|o}}rder condition to "Make 16 pig iron bars" | ||
− | :*Wait until the "Smelt 8 magnetite" order activates (once the coke or charcoal is done) to set its {{K|o}}rder | + | :*Wait until the "Smelt 8 magnetite" order activates (once the coke or charcoal is done) to set its {{K|o}}rder to "Make 16 steel bars" |
This automated process would produce 32 steel bars every 4 days, assuming you have an adequate flow of ore, coke-producing stone, flux stone and labourers. You can also make multiple work order sets to increase production as much as necessary. | This automated process would produce 32 steel bars every 4 days, assuming you have an adequate flow of ore, coke-producing stone, flux stone and labourers. You can also make multiple work order sets to increase production as much as necessary. | ||
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==Planned Steel Production== | ==Planned Steel Production== |