Dwarf Fortress Wiki - User contributions [en]

Paper industry

2020-08-17T11:55:13Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

{{Quality|Exceptional|21:13, 25 May 2017 (UTC)}}
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The '''paper industry''' deals with the creation and processing of paper [[sheet]]s, and further processing into [[quire]]s and [[scroll]]s.

== Sheets ==
There are three major ways to create paper for books and scrolls - each depending on a different raw material.

The finished sheets can be stored in their own stockpile.

=== Raw materials ===
The raw materials that can be used:
*[[Papyrus_sedge|Papyrus]]
*Animal [[skin|hide]]
*Cloth plants
**[[rope reed]]
**[[pig tail]]
**[[hemp]]
**[[cotton]]
**[[ramie]]
**[[flax]]
**[[jute]]
**[[kenaf]]

=== Processing ===
The method, workshops, and labors required to process a material into sheets depends on the type of material.

==== Papyrus ====
[[Papyrus_sedge|Papyrus]] can be directly made into sheets at a [[farmer's workshop]] using the [[Papermaking]] labor.

[[File:paper_industry_diagram.png|thumb|550px|Paper industry overview]]
==== Parchment ====
Processing [[Leather|animal hides]] is more complex; you need to produce [[quicklime]] from [[calcium carbonate]] stones at a [[kiln]], then process the [[quicklime]] to [[Milk_of_lime|milk of lime]] at an [[ashery]]. Finally, the hide and [[Milk_of_lime|milk of lime]] are used in a [[tanner's shop]] using the [[Tanner|tanning]] labor to create a parchment sheet. For each sheet of parchment, 1 hide is needed disregarding the size of the original animal.

If the hide is from a cow, it's called "vellum sheet", otherwise it will take on the name of the animal (i.e. pig parchment sheet, sheep parchment sheet).

==== Plant fibers ====
Cloth plants are milled to slurry with a constructed [[millstone]] or [[quern]], then pressed to a sheet in a [[screw press]]. Both processes use the [[Papermaking]] labor.

== Finished goods ==
The sheets can then be further processed into finished goods.
=== Quires ===
1 sheet of paper can be crafted into 1 [[quire]] at a [[craftsdwarf's workshop]] using the [[Bookbinding]] labor.
=== Codices ===
After a [[quire]] has been filled with text it can be crafted into a [[book|codex]] at a [[craftsdwarf's workshop]] using the [[Bookbinding]] labor. Scrolls cannot be made into codices.

This requires 1 [[quire]], 1 [[book binding]] and 1 unused [[thread]]. Animal [[hair]] thread can be used for this purpose.

=== Scrolls ===
Sheets of paper can be combined with a [[Scroll_rollers|scroll roller]] at a [[craftsdwarf's workshop]] to create [[scroll|scrolls]] using the [[Bookbinding]] labor.
{{Category|Industry}}
{{Industry}}
[[ru:Paper industry]]
[[Fr:Industrie du papier (paper industry)]]

Library

2020-08-16T23:15:46Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

{{Quality|Exceptional|10:05, 10 August 2016 (UTC)}}
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[[File:old_library.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A medieval library.]]'''Libraries''' are [[locations]]. At a library, [[scholar]]s can write [[book]]s (scrolls, codices, and quires) and [[scribe]]s can create copies. Any dwarves in your fortress will go to libraries to read books or idle around, giving them happy [[thought]]s.

==Setting up a library==
* Hit {{k|i}} to designate the zone for your library. Set it to a meeting area with {{k|m}}, hit {{k|l}} to designate it as a location. See the [[locations]] page for more details.
* Build [[bookcase]]s to store written books, and [[container]]s to store writing material (blank quires and [[scroll]]s). (not paper sheets, they ''must'' be made into blank scrolls/books ''before'' writing).
* Build [[table]]s and [[chair]]s.
* Designate [[scholar]]s and [[scribe]]s as desired (via the {{k|l}} Locations menu).
Libraries function best as a single activity zone. Scholars in separate activity zones cannot discuss topics with each other, even if both zones belong to the same library. Scholars in the same activity zone can discuss topics together, regardless of distance, line of sight, or ability to path to each other. So, with the correct design, a scholar who must be separated from the general population for [[werebeast|whatever]] [[vampire|reason]] can still contribute to the research effort.

==Obtaining scholars and books==
If your library permits [[visitor]]s, scholars from civilizations around the world will come to your fort to study, often bringing books of their own. These scholars will engage in various [[topic]]s with your scholars and each other, and will sometimes write their own books while visiting (using your supplies of writing materials in the process). These books effectively become property of your fortress, as the author usually doesn't take their books away upon leaving. Visiting scholars may petition to become a permanent part of your fortress for the purpose of studying. The rate at which they visit your library and apply for residency might be related to the number of books in your library.

If you retire your fort, scholars will continue to visit your library during retirement even if the library does not permit visitors. On unretirement, those scholars will be bugged and unable to behave normally in your fort. So it's best to delete your library activity zone before retirement.

Even with visitors, it takes a long, long time for your scholars to generate much knowledge or write many books in your fort. You can speed up this process by taking books from other libraries, with [[mission|missions]] or with [[adventurer mode|adventurers]]. [[legends|Legends mode]] can show you where the libraries are in your world.

==Urist's Lever==
It was [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=156319.420 discovered] that by putting an unlinked lever in the back of a library, assigning only the [[scholar]]s and [[scribe]]s to use it, then assigning them to pull the lever, with high priority on repeat... due to the vagaries of dwarven psychology, they will find themselves unable to resist reading, writing, or pondering something. This is a good way to increase the productivity of your fortresses' best and brightest.

==Library Management==
In vanilla DF, it's rather difficult to get information about the books you own: who wrote them, how many copies you own, what topics they cover, etc. Fortunately, [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=170462.0 there's a DFHack script] that makes all that very clear.

==Adventure mode==
[[File:Humanlibrary_43.PNG|200px|thumb|right|The study area of a human library]]
[[File:Humanlibrary2_43.PNG|200px|thumb|right|An upper floor of a human library, dedicated to storing books]]

In the rest of the world, libraries are generated [[structure]]s that can be found in human [[town]]s and dwarven [[fortress]]es. Like the libraries in fortress mode, they will be frequented by scholars who spend their days discussing scholarly topics. The number of books and scholars in a given generated library depends on the history of the site. A library found in a town with a poor history may be almost empty of books and scholars alike.

The ground floor in a generated library is typically used as a study area, and furnished with chairs, tables and a container with usable writing materials. A [[ramp]]-staircase connects the ground floor to higher floors as well as a basement. Basements and higher floors are typically used to store the books, and contain several bookcases. Libraries found in fortresses only have two floors, while those found in towns can span many stories high.

Libraries have an effect in world gen based on the original and copied books that are there. Every year, each library gets five turns to pick a book. If the book has a poetic/music/dance form, it has a chance to make that form well-known in the entire parent civ, as a form of cultural diffusion. If the book promotes a value at a certain level, it makes a roll against the author's skill roll when they wrote the book. The local site civ can have their values shifted by 1-2 points (it takes 10 or more to change the visible text for the value), and the parent civ can also be shifted a point, and all sites under the parent civ have a chance to be shifted a point as well.

{{Translation
| dwarven = koshosh
| elvish = dethara
| goblin = ruspdo
| human = adith
}}

{{World}}

{{Category|Locations}}
{{Category|Adventurer mode}}

[[Fr:Bibliothèque (library)]]

Scholar

2020-08-16T21:46:53Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

{{Quality|Fine|00:09, 24 December 2015 (UTC)}}
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[[File:dwarf_scholar.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Smart, but still depends on alcohol.]]'''Scholars''' are an assigned [[occupation]] at [[libraries]]. They can be assigned in the Locations and Occupations menu ({{key|l}}). Scholars from other civilizations may visit your fort to discuss topics with fellow scholars, or write books.

Scholars research [[topic]]s through pondering and discussing them. Each scholar will spend their time on a single topic until it is researched or they obtain the [[knowledge]] through apprenticeship or reading a book. Each time a scholar ponders or discusses a topic, an invisible counter is increased. This counter will randomly (time wise, roughly twice a year) finish and then the scholar will obtain an invisible amount of research points. The latter seems to be semi-random, but the higher the scholar's related scholarly skills, the higher the amount of research points they obtain. Once they've received a certain amount of research points (Values of 100K have been reported), scholars will either make a discovery and get a happy [[Thoughts|thought]], or if the topic was already known, be dejected that they could not further the field of research.

Research can take in-game decades, but scholars will continue their research if the fort is retired and will bring their research when migrating between forts. The topics and discoveries involved currently have [[Book#Literary_Forms|little in-game effect]], but will be expanded upon at a later date.

Fort scholars do activity cycles, the length of which is 1-2 days (whether they are pondering or discussing etc.) Once they get through 50 cycles, it rolls 0-50 vs. the number of completed cycles minus 50 to see if they get "breakthrough credit." So at 51, they have a 2% chance, and at 100, they have a 100% chance. Then, it resets the cycle number to zero and gives them breakthrough credit, based on a skill roll plus 100 (for discuss, the other researchers contribute half of their summed skill rolls.) Based on the difficulty (1-4) of the topic, total lifetime breakthrough credit is then assigned a number of 50-sided dice. An easy topic is dice=credit/2500, then /5000, then /10000, then /20000 for level 4 topics. The number of dice cannot exceed 10. Then roll these dice -- if you get a 50 on any of them, discovery! Also: if they fail to get the breakthrough after the 50-sided rolls, they have a 2% chance of switching topics, or if their credit exceeds 100000, they always switch topics (though they keep the credit, so returning to the topic later gives them a decent chance at breakthrough.)

Scholars will write manuals for topics that they know but are not yet represented in your library. The [[writer|writing]] and [[wordsmith]] skills are used when writing books, with each book giving 50 xp in writing and 12 in wordsmith. Migrant and visitor scholars have learned a number of topics in worldgen, but your starting dwarves, no matter how many skill ranks you give them, will not. For new libraries, it is therefore recommended to either use migrant and visitor scholars or to buy and raid pre-existing books.

Pondering will give roughly 0 to 5 xp in a topic's related scholarly skill (leading to about 700 xp in a year of only pondering), while discussion will increase said skill with 10 to 30 xp. The [[speaker]] skill is also used while discussing a topic. Discussion does not lead to research progress for the scholar that is not researching the topic. However, its higher xp gain will increase the amount of research progress they can make over time if their research topic is in the same field.

Scholars can also form master/apprentice relationships, and the master will teach their apprentices about topics. A high teaching skill for the master and a high student skill for the apprentice leads to faster skill growth.

Being a scholar is pretty much a full-time job. Dwarves will eventually do other things as well, but it can take a season or so to get around to it. If you make your mechanic a scholar, then it is best to take him off the job when you need him to work; the same goes for doctors.

It appears that pondering is one of the things that fulfills the "think abstractly" need.
==Involved skills==
Discussing and pondering topics trains skills. Some of them are useful in practice, but some of them are only useful in the library.

* [[Critical thinker]]
* [[Logician]]
* [[Mathematician]]
* [[Astronomer]]
* [[Chemist]]
* [[Geographer]]
* [[Optics engineer]]
* [[Fluid engineer]]
* [[Tracker]]

Skills trained that are also useful in practice:
* [[Diagnosis]]
* [[Bone doctor]]
* [[Surgeon]]
* [[Suturer]]
* [[Wound dresser]]
* [[Mechanic]]
* [[Organizer]]
* [[Record keeper]]
* [[Pump operator]]
* [[Observer]]

==Traits involved==
A belief in knowledge is needed to be a scholar. A dwarf that thinks knowledge is a waste of time will not engage in scholarly activities.

Being curious and/or inclined to abstract thought is ideal for a scholar. A dwarf that is incurious or uninclined to abstract thought is less likely to study in the library.

==Professions==
While "Scholar" is the default profession, dwarves who gain sufficient scholarship skills can receive one of several titles (in order of preference):

* '''Sage''' - High Levels of Critical Thinking + a 2nd skill (Logician, a Medical Skill, or possibly others)
* '''Mathematician''' - High Levels of Mathematics
* '''Philosopher''' - High Levels of Logician
* '''Historian''' - High Levels of Critical Thinking
* '''Astronomer''' - High Levels of Astronomy
* '''Naturalist''' - High Levels of Tracker
* '''Chemist''' - High Levels of Chemistry
* '''Geographer''' - High Levels of Geography
* '''Engineer''' - High Levels of Optics or Fluid Engineering, can be coupled with Mechanic or Pump Operator.
* '''Scholar''' - Low level academic skills

Medical professions work as expected ([[Surgeon]] for Surgery, etc.) except when coupled with critical thinking since that will produce a sage, and with multiple medical skills will become a '''[[Doctor]]'''. It appears that [[Diagnostician]] is most important for medical scholars, but relevant topics will increase other medical skills as well - discussing the [[Topic#Medicine|Suturing]] topic increases [[Suturer]].

An engineer without experience in [[Topic#Engineering|optic or fluid topics]] is simply called [[Mechanic]].

During [[world generation]], historical figures who decide to become scholars will relocate to their nearest library (located either in a dwarven [[fortress]] or human [[town]]) where they will typically remain for the rest of their lives, unless they are promoted to nobility. It seems that any creature that can learn can become a scholar, which includes not only civilized races, but also animal people and even plump helmet men (which cannot speak). Only members of dwarf, elf, or human civilizations can become scholars, with research areas [[Entity token#SCHOLAR|determined by civilization]]: dwarf civilizations can have scholars in any field, elf civilizations are limited to nature-related areas (naturalist, astronomer, geographer, and philosopher), and human civilization research areas are determined by their randomly generated [[Personality_trait#Beliefs|cultural values]] during world generation. Goblin and kobold civilizations will never produce scholars because they lack the necessary [[entity token]]s, but goblin members of scholarly civilizations may become scholars.{{cite forum|140163/7489079}} Elf and goblin scholars will effectively live forever within the safety of their libraries, many having seen the entire history of their world come and go, after long since mastering their chosen field.

{{Translation| dwarven = mishthem | elvish = naquina | goblin = mol | human = rushán}}

{{Category|Occupation}}
[[Ru:Scholar]]
[[Fr:Savant (scholar)]]

Scribe

2020-08-16T18:19:22Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

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'''Scribes''' are an assigned [[occupation]] at [[libraries]]. They can be assigned in the Locations and Occupations menu ({{key|l}}).

Scribes make copies of [[scroll]]s, [[quire]]s, and [[book]]s. To make copies, scribes require [[scroll]]s and [[quire]]s. These can be made of any of the usual crafting materials plus [[paper]] or parchment/vellum at a craftsdwarf workshop.

Without any scribes in your fortress, the books and scrolls written by your residents or visitors will not be copied, increasing the likelihood of theft and reducing access to books for fortress residents.

[[File:dwarf_scribe.jpg|thumb|250px|center|The original photocopier.]]

{{Category|Occupation}}
[[Ru:Scribe]]
[[Fr:Scribe (scribe)]]
{{stub}}

Papermaker

2020-08-16T15:10:39Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

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{{Skill
| color = 1:1
| skill = Papermaker
| profession = [[Craftsdwarf]]
| job name = [[Papermaking]]
| tasks =
* Make sheet from plant
* Mash plant into slurry
* Press plant slurry into paper sheet
| workshop =
* [[Millstone]]
* [[Quern]]
* [[Screw press]]
* [[Farmer's workshop]]
| attributes =
* Strength
* Agility
* Spatial Sense
* Kinesthetic Sense
}}
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'''Papermaker''' is the skill associated with the papermaking [[labor]]. Papermakers can make [[sheet]]s of papyrus paper directly from [[papyrus]] reeds at a [[farmer's workshop]], or by pressing [[slurry]] at a [[screw press]]. Paper is used to produce [[books]] such as codices, quires, and scrolls.

Note: Treating animal hides with [[milk of lime]] will produce parchment, but this is performed by a [[Tanning]] dwarf.

For more in-depth information on papermaking, please refer to the article [[Paper industry]]
{{Skills}}

[[Fr:Papetier (papermaker)]]

Papermaker

2020-08-16T14:51:58Z

Yoplala: Correction for the skill in the template

Bookbinder

2020-08-16T13:42:36Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

{{Quality|Superior|21:28, 2 February 2018 (UTC)}}
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:''"Bookbinding" redirects here. For the item, see [[Book binding]].''

{{Skill
| color = 1:1
| skill = Bookbinder
| profession = [[Craftsdwarf]]
| job name = [[Bookbinding]]
| tasks =
* Make scrolls
* Make quires
* Bind books
| workshop = * [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]
| attributes =
* Agility
* Spatial Sense
* Kinesthetic Sense
}}

'''Bookbinder''' is the skill associated with the [[bookbinding]] [[labor]]. Bookbinders make [[scroll]]s, [[quire]]s, and [[book]]s at the [[craftsdwarf's workshop]].

{{Skills}}

[[Fr:Relieur (bookbinder)]]

Book binding

2020-08-16T11:58:14Z

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{{for/see|the skill and labor|[[Bookbinder]]}}

A '''book binding''' is made from stone or wood at a craftsdwarf's workshop by a [[stonecrafter]] or [[woodcrafter]], [[metal]] [[bar]]s at the [[metalsmith's forge]] by a [[metalsmith]], or glass at a [[glass furnace]] by a [[glassmaker]].

Book bindings are stockpiled under Finished Goods > Tools.

A written-on [[quire]] can be bound into a [[book]] by combining it with [[thread]] and a book binding. Bookbinding is done in the [[craftsdwarf's workshop]] by a dwarf with the [[bookbinding]] labor.

{{Translation| dwarven = thîkut estun | elvish = soya avera | goblin = zosto xedub | human = thothil uti}}

{{Category|Items}}
[[ru:Book binding]]
[[Fr:Reliure (book binding)]]

Milk of lime

2020-08-14T18:33:44Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

{{Quality|Superior|19:45, 30 January 2018 (UTC)}}
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'''Milk of lime''' is a [[stone]]-derived liquid product used in the production of [[parchment]].

==Producing milk of lime==
Milk of lime is produced at an [[ashery]]. Any dwarf with the [[lye maker]] [[labor]] enabled can convert one bag of [[quicklime]] into one unit of milk of lime. You must have an empty [[bucket]] available to do so.

==Uses==
Milk of lime's sole use is in the production of parchment. A dwarf with the [[tanner]] labor enabled can bring a [[tanned hide]] and a bucket of milk of lime to a [[tanner's shop]] to produce a sheet of parchment.

==Real world==
Milk of lime (or ''limewater'') is a milky solution of calcium hydroxide in water. It has had a wide variety of uses since ancient times, including fresco painting, food preparation, and personal hygiene.

[[File:milk_of_lime.png|thumb|230px|center|Calcium hydroxide based.]]

{{gamedata}}
{{materials}}

{{Category|Materials}}
[[ru:Milk of lime]]
[[Fr:Eau de chaux (milk of lime)]]

Quicklime

2020-08-14T18:07:40Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

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[[File:quicklime.jpeg|thumb|235px|right|Pile of quicklime.]]'''Quicklime''' is a [[stone]]-derived product used in the production of [[parchment]].

==Producing quicklime==
Quicklime can be produced at a [[kiln]] or [[magma kiln]] by cooking any of the [[calcium carbonate]] stones ([[calcite]], [[chalk]], [[limestone]], or [[marble]]). A dwarf must have the [[furnace operator]] [[labor]] active to do this. If you're using a standard kiln the process will consume one unit of [[fuel]], and in either case you'll need an empty [[bag]] to store the finished product.

==Uses==
On its own, a bag of quicklime has no practical use. However, it can be further processed at an [[ashery]] into [[milk of lime]], which is a crucial ingredient in the production of [[parchment]]. Much like [[lead|certain]] [[cinnabar|other]] [[pitchblende|entertaining]] real-world materials, in-game quicklime does not pose any health hazard to your dwarfs and can't be weaponized for its [[Fun]] reaction with water.

==Storage==
Quicklime is stored under "Boxes and Bags" in [[furniture]] [[stockpile]]s, which makes it difficult to separate from empty bags. One workaround is to set up a kiln dedicated to producing quicklime and a furniture stockpile set to take only from that kiln. Quicklime produced at this kiln will then be accepted only by the aforementioned stockpile, which can in turn serve as a feeder stockpile for your milk of lime ashery. This approach will not remove existing quicklime bags from circulation among your other "Boxes and Bags" stockpiles, and purchased quicklime will not be accepted there.

==Real world==
Quicklime (also known as ''burnt lime'' or ''calcium oxide'') is a caustic, alkaline crystal that forms a fine white powder. While its use in ''Dwarf Fortress'' is very limited, in reality it is a common industrial product, with usage dating back to ancient times in roles as varied as production of plaster for homes to use as a primitive chemical weapon.

{{Translation| dwarven = bukèt-rômab | elvish = emi-quidole | goblin = slonân-xar | human = nelti-vuli}}

{{gamedata}}
{{materials}}

{{Category|Materials}}
[[ru:Quicklime]]
[[Fr:Chaux vive (quicklime)]]

Slurry

2020-08-14T13:52:43Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

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'''Slurry''' is a material used in [[paper industry|paper making]]. Slurry is created at a [[mill]] or [[quern]] from cloth [[plant]]s and pressed into [[paper]] at a [[screw press]]. This also creates [[seed]]s.

The labor associated with making slurries is papermaking, under crafts - ''not'' milling, as one might expect from the building.

Slurry is considered to be a [[glob]] in the [[Stocks]] menu.

Oddly enough, despite not being food, slurries are stored in the food stockpile as a paste.

[[File:slurry.jpg|thumb|200px|center|Dripping slurry.]]

{{materials}}

{{Category|Materials}}
[[ru:Slurry]]
[[Fr:Pâte à papier (slurry)]]

Sheet

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[[File:parchment.png|thumb|230px|right|A single parchment sheet.]]'''Sheets''' are used in the production of [[scroll]]s and [[quire]]s. Sheet can be made from either paper or parchment. They are stored under Sheet (top stockpile category).

For more information see: [[paper industry]].

==Paper==
Paper is made from cloth plants mashed into [[slurry]] (at a [[quern]]/[[millstone]]) and then pressed on a [[screw press]].
Both of these actions use the [[papermaking]] labor.

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
!Plant
!Sheet name
!Native Biomes
|-
|[[Cotton]]
|Cotton sheet
|[[Tropical]]
|-
|[[Flax]]
|Linen sheet
|[[Tropical]] [[Grassland]] or [[Savanna]]
|-
|[[Hemp]]
|Hemp sheet
|[[Temperate]]
|-
|[[Jute]]
|Jute sheet
|[[Tropical]]
|-
|[[Kenaf]]
|Kenaf sheet
|[[Tropical]]
|-
|[[Pig tail]]
|Pig tail sheet
|[[Underground]]
|-
|[[Ramie]]
|Ramie sheet
|[[Tropical]]
|-
|[[Rope reed]]
|Rope reed sheet
|''not'' [[Glacier]], [[Mountain]], or [[Tundra]]
|}

== Papyrus ==
Papyrus sheets are made directly from the [[papyrus sedge]] plant at a [[farmer's workshop]]. Papyrus sedge grows in any [[Tropical]] [[Wetland]]. Note that the simple term "papyrus" can refer to ''either'' the plant ''or'' the paper.

==Parchment==
Parchment is made from [[hide]] and [[milk of lime]] at a [[tanner's shop]]. Parchment made from the [[hide]] of a [[cow]] is called vellum.

{{materials}}

{{Category|Materials }}
[[ru:Sheet]]
[[Fr:Feuilles (sheets)]]

Book

2020-08-13T19:56:13Z

Yoplala: Add link to wiki FR

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[[File:dwarf_book.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Pain to read without a bookmark.]]A '''book''' is an item that can be written on and store historical events, [[knowledge]], and art. Books use [[sheet]]s made from [[plant fiber]] (paper), [[parchment]], or papyrus. Books are created by [[historical figure]]s in [[world generation]], by [[adventurer mode|adventurer]]s, and by [[scholar]]s and visitors in [[fortress mode]] and can also be copied by [[scribe]]s. Travelers and [[trading|traders]] carry books to different sites and [[library|libraries]], spreading information as a result. There are two forms of books: '''codices''' {{Tile|◘|7:1}} (sing. ''codex'') and '''scrolls''' {{Tile|∞|7:1}}. Both forms have different methods of creation, but they are identical in function. Codices are known as '''quires''' {{Tile|≡|7:1}} prior to being bound. Written books are treated as [[artifact]]s, with the exception of copies. Original written works are recorded in the [[legends]] and appear in the {{k|L}} Artifacts screen in fortress mode. Books are titled based on their subject matter, with copies identified by "(copy)" at the end of their title.

Quires and scrolls are found under "tools" in the {{k|z}} Stocks screen, and codices can be found under "codices". Written and unwritten books are stored in [[stockpile]]s with Finished Goods enabled. Original written works can be separated from copied and unwritten books in stockpiles by toggling the stockpile's settings to accept only artifact-level [[core quality|core or total quality]] items. If a [[library]] with available book-space is present, written and unwritten books will instead be stored in [[bookcase]]s and [[container]]s, respectively.

== Physical Forms ==

=== Scroll ===

Scrolls are made from sheets and [[scroll rollers]]. Scrolls can be written on and stored right after being made.

=== Quire and codex ===

Unlike scrolls, codices require a two-step process to be made. The initial form of a codex is known as a quire. Quires can be written on, be read, and be used as a copy, similar to scrolls. Once something is written on, quires can be combined with a [[book binding]] and a [[thread]] to create a codex.

Codices, being made of more materials, should have their [[wealth]] increased. However, this transformation currently discards some of the quire's properties (text length, material value, etc.), so it is recommended to leave your scholars' works in quire form.{{bug|9409}} The final product of binding a codex tends to actually be worth much less than the combined value of its constituent parts, making codices a terrible way to generate wealth.

== Production ==

:''See also: [[Paper industry]]''

Quires are made from [[sheet]]s at a [[craftsdwarf's workshop]] by a dwarf with the [[bookbinding]] labor. Only a single sheet is needed per quire. Codices are then created from one thread, one book binding, and a written-on quire at a craftsdwarf's workshop by a bookbinder.

A scroll is made from a single sheet and a scroll roller at a craftsdwarf's workshop by a bookbinder. Both book bindings and scroll rollers can be made out of wood, stone, metal, or glass. Components made of wood and stone are produced at a craftsdwarf's workshop, metal at a [[metalsmith's forge]], and glass at a [[glass furnace]].

[[Decoration]]s such as gems and ivory can be added on unwritten scrolls. Codices cannot be normally decorated, with the exception of untitled codices. Book bindings or scroll rollers cannot be decorated.

==== Missions ====
It's also possible to raid another culture, hoping to steal their books for yourself. When using the Raid menu, any books, codices and scrolls currently in possession of the target culture are listed along with any [[artifact]]s, and so can be specifically selected. See the [[Mission]] article for more information.

==== Book theft ====
Visiting [[scholar]]s have a bad habit of leaving with a book under their arm, never to return. See the [[Library#Preventing_Book_Theft|Library]] article for suggestions on theft prevention.

== Usage ==

=== Reading ===

Written books can be read. Readers will gain information of the subject they read about in a book. Contents in a book cannot impact specific [[ethics]], although personal values are a different matter, and one [[Necromancy| particular subject]] can have profound ''physical'' effects on the reader. Reading a book will satisfy the reader's [[need]] to self-examine and think abstractly.

Adventurers can read books in their possession by pressing {{k|I}} then selecting them from their inventory. Characters must possess a [[reader]] skill of at least novice level in order to read a book. This skill can only be leveled up in-game by reading books, which is impossible to do without any reader skill to begin with. Raising the reader skill in advance during character creation (or simply adding some amount of NATURAL_SKILL to one's chosen race in the raws) is therefore crucial.

Fortress citizens and visitors will read available books in a library at their leisure. [[Bookkeeper]]s do not require a book to update stockpile records, oddly enough.

=== Writing ===

Unwritten quires and scrolls stocked in a library as writing material will be used periodically by scholars and scribes to write original works and copy existing works, respectively.

Adventurers can write their own books. First, have an unwritten scroll or quire wielded in hand or on the tile where you stand. Press {{k|x}} then select {{k|w}}rite, and choose the object you want to write on. You will be given a list of memorized content and prose to write about, which includes guides, essays, manuals, chronicles, letters, short stories, novels, plays, poems, choreographs, and musical compositions. For prose options, a random known subject will be used. Writing a book will take up several hours in-game. If you are interrupted by enemies, writing will stop and the writing material will be unused.

=== Combat ===

Although hardly ideal for the purpose, creatures carrying books have been known to use them in combat, with varying results. The combat effectiveness of the written word is determined in large part by the materials used in the book or scroll's construction. Books are blunt weapons, so heavy metal books will be infinitely more effective than light wooden ones. Fighting with a book trains the [[Macedwarf]] skill.

== Subjects ==

=== Art ===

Art books describe poems, choreographs, and musical compositions. Art books are titled after their art piece's name. In [[adventure mode]], reading a book about an art form is one of the few ways to learn it. Presumably dwarves reading art books will be able to perform what they've read at a [[tavern]] as well.

=== Knowledge ===

[[Knowledge]] books include [[topic]]s on mathematics, philosophy, history, geography, medical science, natural science, astronomy, engineering, and chemistry. They are referred to as ''manuals''.

Civilizations practice different forms of scholarship. Dwarves practice all forms of scholarship (while still preferring craftsdwarfship to books), elves do elven stuff, and for humans it is randomized for each instance of their civilization (scholar types are based on the civilization's values and jobs).

=== Secrets ===

Books containing "secrets of life and death" are occasionally written during world generation by [[necromancer]]s and various [[demon]]ic rulers. Any mortal creature who reads one will immediately learn the secrets to [[immortality]] and the ability to raise the [[undead|dead]]. Necromancy books can be found in a necromancer's [[tower (necromancy)|tower]] among other types of books, including the original [[slab]] of which the secrets originated from.

Necromancers [[siege|invading]] the fortress may bring their books along, which could be necromancy books. Looting a necromancy book and storing it in a library will cause all of the fortress population to gradually become immortal masters of death every time one of them reads the book, and this process can be accelerated by creating copies of the book. Adventurers who have learned the secrets of life and death have a chance to create a new necromancy book when writing a manual.

=== Other ===

Books may be autobiographies, or about other historical characters or locations the author has had contact with. Presumably the relevant "Form" topics must have been discovered by an individual's civilization for biographies, autobiographies, etc. to be written. [[Topic#History|Autobiographical adventure]], for example, unlocks autobiographies. Most forms are part of the [[Topic#history|history]] branch, but creation of [[Topic#Geography|atlases]], [[Topic#Philosophy|dictionaries]] and [[Topic#Astronomy|star charts]] require other disciplines. Books may also be commentaries on other books.

== Literary Forms ==
The content of a book is written as one of many literary forms. The literary form decides the purpose of the text, with different literary forms allowing for certain subjects. Some literary forms need to be "unlocked" by scholars discovering a certain [[topic]], and cannot be written before such a discovery.

In terms of availability of literary forms in Fortress Mode, manuals will be most commonly written by scholars as the culmination of research. Other forms may be written by scholars or any other figure, but this is a rare event. Adventurers are the most reliable way to get non-manual books inside your fortress. The second best way is to simply trade for them from caravans.

All forms have been found, but currently the precise mechanics behind learning knowledge or receiving a change in values from them is still unclear.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Literary form name !! Purpose !! How to unlock
|-
| Manual || This will write down a randomly-selected form of knowledge the adventurer is aware of, to be learned by future readers. Most commonly this will be musical, poetic, and dance forms the adventurer knows or composed. This can also include scientific research the adventurer has learned, and necromancer adventurers can spread the secrets of life and death by writing manuals about them. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Guide || General writing about a specific site, generally described as "concerning" that town, dark pit, etc. without going into detail. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Chronicle || In-depth writing about a particular site, group, or civilization. This will be presented as multiple chapters, each chapter relating to a historical event related to the writing's subject. It teaches histfigs about the group. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Short Story || Generic prose, typically described as having no particular subject. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Novel || Generic prose, typically described as having no particular subject. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Biography || Teaches about a person and several events happening to that person. Each of these events is represented as a seperate chapter. || Requires Historian's ''biography'' topic.
|-
| Autobiography || Teaches about the author and several events happening to the author. Each of these events is represented as a seperate chapter. || Requires Historian's ''autobiography'' topic.
|-
| Poem || Writes a new poem, like the Musical Composition writes a musical composition. || Requires knowing any poetry forms.
|-
| Play || Generic prose, typically described as having no particular subject.|| Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Letter || Generic prose, typically described as having no particular subject. These often have no title. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Essay || Might be writing about events, people, places or about values. || Does not require unlocking.
|-
| Dialog || Concerns and teaches a value. || Requires the Philosopher's ''dialectic reasoning'' topic.
|-
| Musical Composition || Writes new songs. This functions similarly to composing new songs, with the added benefit of writing it down for others to learn. However, unlike normal composition you do not get to select which musical form to base the song on. || Requires knowing any musical forms.
|-
| Choreography || Writes a new dance, like the Musical Composition. || Requires knowing any dance forms.
|-
| Comparative Biography || Concerns (and teaches about) two historical figures, may emphasize a value too. || Requires Historian's ''comparative biography'' topic.
|-
| Biographic Dictionary || Concerns a list of historical figures. || Requires Historian's ''biographic dictionary'' topic.
|-
| Genealogy || Concerns the lineage of a specific historical figure. Does not mention anyone besides the main figure. || Requires Historian's ''genealogy'' topic.
|-
| Encyclopedia || Teaches about several notable historical objects in a world, so artifacts, sites, people. || Requires Historian's ''encyclopedia'' topic.
|-
| Cultural History || Teaches about a culture, and several events happening to that entity. || Requires Historian's ''cultural history'' topic.
|-
| Cultural Comparison || Teaches about two cultures/groups and may emphasize a value too. || Requires Historian's ''cultural comparison'' topic.
|-
| Alternate History || Teaches an event. Description suggests the work in question is an exploration of what would have happened had this event not played out as it did. May emphasize a value. || Requires Historian's ''alternate history'' topic.
|-
| Treatise on Technological Advancement || Concerns the history of an engineering topic, teaches the topic in question. || Requires Historian's ''treatise on technological advancement'' topic.
|-
| Dictionary || Concerns and teaches about a language. || Requires Philosopher's ''dictionary'' topic.
|-
| Star Chart || Nothing at the moment, but can be a 'good resource of information' or 'badly compiled'. || Requires Astronomer's ''star chart'' topic.
|-
| Star Catalogue || Nothing at the moment, but can be a 'good resource of information' or 'badly compiled'. || Requires one of the Astronomer's ''star catalogue'' topics.
|-
| Atlas || This is regarding and teaches about a region. || Requires Geographer's ''atlas'' topic.
|}

Right now, adventurers can only learn new art forms and academic knowledge from books. If an adventurer reads a book of a given literary genre that requires an academic topic to unlock, this will teach the academic topic, so if an adventurer without academic knowledge reads an autobiography, they'll learn the autobiography topic. For some of the advanced forms, such as Genealogy and the Treatise on Technological Advancement, adventurers may sometimes end up writing an essay. This was asked about in the forum's Future of the Fortress, and the reply indicated this was because books are slightly half-implemented <sup>[http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=169696.msg8071983#msg8071983 1]</sup>.

== Bugs ==

* The description of manufactured scrolls mentions two roller materials, with the first described as a random stone.{{bug|9249}}
* Quires targeted by any active jobs (e.g. being read) are unavailable for binding.{{bug|9269}}
* Binding a quire into a codex destroys the material definition and value.{{bug|9409}} This loss of information also results in the book being a single page long. Written works can be left in their quire form to retain their properties.
* In adventure mode, placing and removing books from a bookcase can duplicate them, resulting in "phantom" books.{{bug|10245}}
* Codices will sometimes appear without a title. These codices are not considered as artifacts; they do not appear in the Artifacts list menu and are not stored in artifact-specified stockpiles. Since all codices must be derived from a written-on quire, all codices (except copies) should in theory be an artifact and possess a title.
* Codex/Codices/Scroll can be stuck on the map, and not be interacted with (from raid or visitor), which can be fixed with DF Hack.{{bug|10288}}

{{Gamedata|{{raw|DF2014:item_tool.txt|ITEM_TOOL|ITEM_TOOL_QUIRE}}}}
{{Gamedata|{{raw|DF2014:item_tool.txt|ITEM_TOOL|ITEM_TOOL_SCROLL}}}}

{{Translation
| dwarven = thîkut
| elvish = soya
| goblin = zosto
| human = thothil
}}

{{Category|Items}}
[[Ru:Book]]
[[Fr:Livres (books)]]