Dwarf Fortress Wiki - User contributions [en]

Thought

2025-08-01T03:34:29Z

Magistrum: Forgot to update up the other bit of the conversation about how it is precisely four times.

{{Quality|Superior}}
{{av}}
[[File:thoughts_v50_preview.png|258px|right]]'''Thoughts''' are the reported observations and sentiments of [[dwarves]] in [[Dwarf fortress mode|fortress mode]], visible on the [[thoughts and preferences]] subscreen of their [[profile]]. A thought can either be a happy thought (positive thought) or a bad thought (negative thought). Over the course of play, a dwarf will experience circumstances that evoke specific [[emotion]]s based on their [[personality]].

A dwarf's recent emotions contribute to their [[stress]] level, displayed on the thoughts and preferences screen in somewhat subjective terms – to avoid bad thoughts, make [[keeping your dwarves happy]] a priority. Even when nothing is happening, a dwarf can still relive a past experience through [[memory (thought)|memories]], and thus a single experience can produce not just one thought at the time it happens, but many thoughts, as they remember that experience again and again. Dwarves can also feel nothing or not care about certain situations, giving them a neutral thought. A few examples of different levels of thoughts can go as follows:

{{DFtext|He felt|7:0}}{{DFtext| satisfied|2:0:1}}{{DFtext| at work. He felt|7:0}}{{DFtext| satisfied|2:0:1}}{{DFtext| upon improving mining.|7:0}} 
{{DFtext|He was|7:0}}{{DFtext| uneasy|6:0}}{{DFtext| after seeing a human's dead body.|7:0}} 
{{DFtext|He felt|7:0}}{{DFtext| restless|6:0}}{{DFtext| dwelling upon|5:0:1}}{{DFtext| seeing a goblin die.|7:0}} 
{{DFtext|He didn't feel anything after seeing a dog's dead body.|7:0}} 

To view a dwarf's recent thoughts and current stress level, press {{k|u}} to open the [[citizenship|citizens]] screen, find the dwarf in the list, and click the {{k|🔍}} to the right of their name. Or, move to the dwarf and select them with the mouse {{k|🖱️}}. This brings you to the thoughts and preferences screen for that dwarf, which, among other things, describes the dwarf's overall stress level as well as their constituent thoughts.

Below is a list of circumstances that may inspire thoughts.

{{clear}}

== Legend ==
                    - Positive thought 
                    - Very positive thought 
                    - Negative thought 
                    - Very negative thought 
                    - Variable thought

== Accommodations ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after sleeping in a bedroom like a personal palace
after sleeping in a (fantastic/great/very good/good) bedroom
|Slept in '''a''' (not necessarily assigned) [[bedroom]] of a certain [[Room|quality]] recently; see [[Zones#Quality_and_value]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping in a (horribly substandard/horrible/awful/very poor/poor) bedroom
|A member of the dwarven [[noble|nobility]] who has slept in a less-than-satisfactory bedroom; see [[Noble#Needs]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|dining in a (legendary/fantastic/great/very good/good) dining room
|Dined in '''a''' (usually not assigned) [[dining room]] of a certain [[Room|quality]] recently; see [[Zones#Quality_and_value]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|dining in a (horribly substandard/horrible/awful/very poor/poor) dining room
|A member of the dwarven [[noble|nobility]] who has dined in a less-than-satisfactory dining room; see [[Noble#Needs]].

|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping uneasily due to noise
after being disturbed during sleep by loud noises 
after loud noises made it impossible to sleep
| Was sleeping in the zone of influence of a [[noise]] source.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping without a proper room
| Was sleeping and couldn't find a bed designated as a [[bedroom]] not assigned to someone else.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping (in/on) the (mud/dirt/grass/rocks/ice/a rough cave floor/floor/a pile of driftwood)
|Could not find any [[bed]] for sleeping, or the dwarf is a [[ambusher|hunter]]. The thought may be dependent upon the terrain.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|when (drowsy/utterly sleep-deprived)
|Became sleepy, but wasn't able to [[sleep]] because a task had to be completed. Extreme tiredness will lead to [[insane|insanity]], but could only really happen when a mother is looking for her infant.
|}

== Nourishment ==
{{old|v=0.47.05}}
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after having a (pretty decent/fine/wonderful/truly decadent/legendary) drink
|Dwarf drank [[booze]] they have a [[preference]] for. (level determined by alcohol stack's value{{cite forum|120870.msg3901346#msg3901346}})
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after eating a (pretty decent meal/fine dish/wonderful dish/truly decadent dish/legendary meal)
|Dwarf ate food with a high value. (A preferred item will guarantee level 1, if no preference for any of the ingredient the thresholds are 20☼/25☼/100☼/200☼/400☼)
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when (thirsty/hungry)
| Got [[hungry]] or [[thirsty]] and didn't eat or drink soon enough.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when (dehydrated/starving)
| Has not had food or drink for a long time and will soon [[death|die]] if immediate remedial action is not taken.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after being forced to eat vermin to survive
| Dwarf hunted vermin for food due to starvation. Will still die if real food is not provided immediately.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|drinking nasty water
| Got thirsty and had to drink [[Water#Stagnant water|stagnant]] or [[blood|contaminated]] water because no alcohol or fresh water was available.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| drinking the same old booze
eating the same old food
| Drinking the same variety of [[alcohol]] or eating the same type of [[food]] 4 times in a row(liked foods are exempt and prepared meals count as their main ingredient).
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having a drink without using a goblet, cup or mug
| Drinking directly from a [[barrel]] without a [[goblet]].
|- style="background:#F79898" |
| after being forced to eat a (beloved creature/treasured pet) to survive
| Of course, if things get this bad, a tantrum spiral can't make it that much worse.
|}

== Amenities ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|seeing a/near (own) (very fine/splendid/wonderful/completely sublime) ([[Sculpture_garden|tastefully arranged]]) [building]
|Passed by a constructed piece of [[furniture]] or a [[building]] requiring [[architecture]] and noticed it.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after being near to a * in a cage
|Passed near a [[cage]]d [[creature]] the dwarf has a [[preference]] for; see [[zoo]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after a bath
|Was cleaned with [[soap]] during the administration of [[healthcare|medical care]], or walked through a water tile.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after a soapy bath
|Dwarf cleaned [[contaminant]]s from self using [[soap]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|being near to a waterfall
|Sprayed by [[mist]] from a [[waterfall]], which dwarves find relaxing.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after retching on a miasma
after choking on (smoke/dust) underground
| Dwarf was exposed to [[miasma]], [[smoke]], or a [[cave in]] recently. Impact based on personality traits.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|at the lack of chairs
|Was eating and couldn't find an unoccupied [[chair]].
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| eating at a crowded table
| Tried to eat at a table someone else was already eating at (only occurs if there are no free tables).
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| at the lack of dining tables
| Was eating and couldn't find a [[table]] next to an available chair sat on while eating.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being pestered by *
| Shared a tile with an annoying [[vermin]] and noticed it.{{verify}}
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being accosted by *
| Exposure to a [[vermin]] that the dwarf particularly hates.{{verify}}
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being near *
| Dwarf examined a cage containing [[preference|hated]] [[vermin]] (moral of the story, don't cage hate-able vermin in sight).{{verify}}
|}

== Relations ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| talking with (the spouse/mother/father/a lover/a friend/a sibling/a child/somebody)
| Dwarf employed their [[social skill]]s and conversed with someone while idling or attending a [[party]] recently.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after watching a performance
| Dwarf was in a [[tavern]] and watched someone performing.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after talking to a pillar of society
| Dwarf spoke with a noble.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| (interacting/visiting) with a (pet/animal training partner)
| Dwarf was near a friendly animal
|- style="background:#abf2bf;"
| discussing (the spouse/mother/father/a lover/a friend/an acquaintance/a sibling/a child/somebody)'s problems
| Spoke with somebody while [[Status_icons|stressed]]
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when forced to talk to somebody annoying
| Had to endure the presence of the object of a [[grudge]] recently.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after bringing somebody to rest in bed
| Dwarf carried an [[unconscious]] (usually [[wound|injured]]) dwarf to a bed.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after giving somebody (food/water)
| Dwarf carried food or water to an indisposed dwarf.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after making a friend
| Initiated a [[friend]]ship recently.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after getting into an argument
| Dwarf got into an argument with someone else.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after forming a grudge
| Spent time with a dwarf with an incompatible personality, resulting in a new [[grudge]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after adopting a new pet
| Adopted a domesticated [[stray]] animal recently; note that adopted animals cannot be [[butcher]]ed without serious stress penalties, which can cause [[Catsplosion|problems]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| at being separated from (a loved one/loved ones)
| Dwarf's loved one is not in the fortress, either due to migration or a [[snatcher]].
|}

== Job satisfaction ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| at work
| The dwarf was able to work with materials, items or animals they have a [[preference]] for in their job.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after producing a masterwork
| The dwarf created a very high [[quality]] item.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| upon mastering *
| The dwarf reached legendary status in a skill.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after creating an artifact
| The dwarf crafted an [[artifact]] in a [[strange mood]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after suffering the travesty of art defacement
| A [[quality|masterwork quality]] good crafted by this dwarf was lost, stolen, or destroyed.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after forming a bond with an animal training partner
| The dwarf grew attached to an animal during training.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after felling a tree
| The dwarf cut down a tree.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after putting a piece on display
| The dwarf put something on a [[pedestal]].

|}

== Clothing ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to be wearing (old/tattered) clothing
| Wearing [[wear|old or tattered]] [[clothing]] with no available replacement.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to have clothes rot off
| An article of clothing on the dwarf wore away completely.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to be uncovered
| The dwarf has no clothing from the item_pants file, leaving them pantsless - and probably complaining about the draught.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to have no (shirt/shoes)
| Missing specific articles of [[clothing]].
|}

== Wedlock ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after giving birth to *
| [[Children]] may tax a fortress's resources and [[population cap]].
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after becoming a parent
| Dwarf became a father/mother.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after gaining (a sibling/siblings)
| Finally! A family member with a lesser [[beard]]!
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| while getting married
| Marriage (and childrearing) is the secret to happiness.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| was caught up in a new romance
| The (bachelor[ette]) dwarf gained a [[lover]] recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after (a/spouse's) miscarriage
| Pregnant dwarf miscarried due to starvation, dehydration, or severe injury.
|}

== Noble pretensions ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to be (elected/re-elected)
| Dwarf was elected to office.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after (entering the/receiving a higher rank of) nobility
| Dwarf gained a new noble title.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| having a (legendary/fantastic/great/very good/good) tomb after gaining another year
|A member of the high dwarven [[noble|nobility]] had a more-than-satisfactory [[tomb]] upon having reached their [[age|birthday]] recently; see [[Noble#Needs]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having a (poor/very poor/awful/horrible/horribly substandard) tomb after gaining another year
about not having a tomb after gaining another year
| A member of the high dwarven [[noble|nobility]] had a less-than-satisfactory [[tomb]] upon having reached their [[age|birthday]] recently, or none at all; see [[Noble#Needs]].
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| considering the state of demands
| Noble dwarf [[demand]]ed something.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to have a mandate deadline met
| Noble dwarf [[mandate]]d something and it was provided on cue.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having a mandate (deadline missed/ignored)
| Noble issued a [[mandate]] that went beyond time or was unfulfilled entirely.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| not having enough (chests/cabinets/weapon racks/armor stands)
|Noble doesn't have enough of their position's furniture requirements.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| by a lesser's pretentious (office/sleeping/dining/burial) arrangements
| A member of the dwarven [[noble|nobility]] who is unhappy that their accommodations are worse than those of a lower-ranked dwarf's room.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having to conduct an official meeting in a (bedroom/dining room)
| Noble dwarf had to meet with a diplomat without an office (or any dining room if a bedroom was used)
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| not having any rooms
| Noble dwarf without any kind of room to conduct a meeting in.
|}

== Justice ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to have (his/her) punishment delayed
| No one was around to carry out the dwarf's [[justice|punishment]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to have (his/her) punishment reduced
| No [[jail]]s were available, so the [[justice|punishment]] was "reduced" to a beating (unless precautions are taken, this is likely to be lethal for the unfortunate dwarf).
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after punishing somebody with a beating
| Justice, dispensed.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after beating somebody with a hammer
| Criminals, smote.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after being released from confinement
| Was [[Justice|jailed]] or [[thief|snatched]], and was released recently
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| that a criminal could not be properly punished
| The victim of the crime, upset that it goes improperly punished.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after the delayed punishment of a criminal
| The victim of the crime, upset that punishment was delayed.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being confined
| Dwarf is in a [[cage]] ([[jail]]ed or [[cage trap|trapped]]), or has been abducted by a goblin [[snatcher]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| considering the scarcity of cages and chains
| Dwarves in a sufficiently large fortress don't like to be without a [[fortress guard]] or the lack of a proper [[jail]]. Currently only affects the actual dwarves in charge of law enforcement.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being beaten
| Justice was administered unto this dwarf recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being beaten with a hammer
| Justice was smitten unto this dwarf recently (they're likely lying in a hospital bed with broken ribs at the minimum, and just plain dead at worst).
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being unable to find a hammer
| Poor [[hammerer]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after an animal was convicted of a crime
| When you pin a crime on an animal...
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after a long-dead corpse was convicted of a crime
| ...or a corpse...
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after the bizarre conviction against all reason of the victim of a crime
| ... or the victim--for example, convicting a blood-drained dwarf of draining their own blood
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| upon receiving justice through a criminal's conviction
when a family member received justice through a criminal's conviction
| [[Justice]], served.
|}

== Injury and death ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being knocked out during a cave-in
| The dwarf was caught in a [[cave in]] and knocked unconscious, check for injuries.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after being (rescued/able to rest and recuperate)
| A wounded dwarf was rescued and carried to a [[bed]], and is now resting.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after receiving (food/water)
| An indisposed dwarf received nourishment from their fellows.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being attacked
| Dwarf was [[combat|assaulted]] by a hostile creature.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being attacked by the dead
| Fighting [[Undead|undeath]] exacts a heavy mental cost on dwarves, as does getting attacked by [[ghost]]s.
|- style="background:#F79898" |
| after being * by a dead (pet/spouse/lover/sibling/friend/animal training partner/and still annoying acquaintance)
| ...especially when your own child's reanimated corpse is gnawing on your ear.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after suffering a (minor/major) injury
| Dwarf sustained a [[wound]] recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after seeing * die
| Saw something/someone die
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after seeing * 's dead body
| Saw a [[corpse]], or a part of a corpse--even a single tooth.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being tormented in nightmares by a dead (pet/spouse/lover/sibling/mother/father/child/friend/still annoying acquaintance/animal training partner)
| A dwarf's companion, loved one, or rival died recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being forced to endure the decay of a (friend/pet/spouse/lover/sibling/mother/father/child/annoying acquaintance/animal training partner).
| The corpse of the dwarf's companion, loved one, or rival is rotting on the ground rather than being properly [[coffin|entombed]].
|}

== Military duty ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| being near to a conflict
| Dwarf saw a battle.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| while in conflict
| Dwarf was in a battle.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when joining an existing conflict
| Dwarf went all emo because the battle had already begun.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| while killing somebody
| Landed the [[kill list|killing blow]] on another creature.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after a sparring session
| Military dwarf in training successfully [[sparring|sparred]].

|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| during long patrol duty
| Military dwarf has active order (other than training) for more than one month (one if complaining, two if depressed, three if enraged). Soldiers stop getting this thought upon becoming [[Soldier#Heroes|Heroes]].
|}

== Tantrums ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after (throwing something/toppling something over/smashing up a building/starting a fist fight)
| The dwarf recently threw an item, threw something over, smashed up a building, or punched someone while throwing a [[tantrum]]. Needs to be controlled immediately or else a [[tantrum spiral]] may result.

|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| while (yelling at/crying on) somebody in charge
| The dwarf took out their frustration on a noble.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being unable to find (a priest/somebody in charge) to (yell at/cry on)
| The dwarf was not consoled because a noble is inaccessible or busy.
|}

== Weather ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when caught in (the rain/a snow storm/freakish weather)
| Went outside while it was [[weather#rain|raining]], [[weather#Snow and Cold |snowing]], or in [[weather#evil weather|evil weather]]. Dwarves who like working outdoors won't get stressed from this.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| at being out in the sunshine again
after being nauseated by the sun
| Is suffering from [[cave adaptation]] and went outside. Nausea indicates a more serious case.
|}

{{Category|Thoughts| }}
[[ru:Thought]]

Need

2025-08-01T03:28:11Z

Magistrum: Rome of Oxtrot shared the code on discord recently, 20☼ is the threshold for food the dwarves have no preference for. Tested myself and adventure mode is still right.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Exceptional}}
{{av}}

[[File:needs_v50_preview.png|thumb|262px|right|The needs of a [[scholar]].]]

'''Needs''' affect a creature's focus - needs that are unmet for long enough will increasingly damage the creature's '''focus''', while sufficiently well-satisfied needs will improve it. Better focus leads to better results from work--essentially, a boost to all skills. Distraction is the opposite--an unfocused dwarf may become sloppy in their work, making worse crafts or failing a block during combat.

The need system replaces the generalized [[on break]] feature of previous versions. Dwarves will sometimes perform jobs that satisfy their personal needs, instead of working for the betterment of the fortress. These personal-fulfillment jobs generally come in two varieties: low-priority (indicated by green text, e.g. {{DFtext|Listen to Poetry|2:1}}), or high-priority (magenta text with an exclamation point, e.g. {{DFtext|Pray to Lorsïth!|5:1}}). Low-priority jobs may be cancelled to undertake a fortress job. High-priority jobs will not be cancelled for fortress jobs.

== Focus ==
:''Overall, Urist is unfocused by unmet needs.''
Focus affects a dwarf's ability to perform. A dwarf with high focus will work faster and produce better results, while a distracted dwarf will take longer to do everything poorly. Focus is separate and independent of overall mood; a dwarf can be happy even with largely-unmet needs, or unhappy yet focused. However, prolonged insufficiency in meeting needs is a cause for both low focus and bad thoughts. Thus, focus can, with prudence, be used to predict future mood developments.

Focus represents the percentage of the combined totals of met over unmet need values. The ratio of 1:1 (100%) represents a neutral state.

Focus statuses:
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
|-
| {{DFtext|Very focused|2:1}}|| + 140% (?)
|-
| {{DFtext|Quite focused|2:0}}|| 120-139% (-149%?)
|-
| {{DFtext|Focused|7:1}}|| 101-119%
|-
| {{DFtext|Untroubled|7:0}}|| 100%
|-
| {{DFtext|Unfocused|6:0}}|| 80-99%
|-
| {{DFtext|Distracted|6:1}}|| ...-79% (?)
|-
| {{DFtext|Badly distracted|4:1}}|| (?)
|}

A highly-focused dwarf can receive an effective skill boost of up to 50%; a badly distracted dwarf can receive an effective skill penalty of up to 50%.{{cite|Dev Log 2015-04-12|http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/dev_2015.html#2015-04-12}}

== Diversity ==
:''She is unfocused by a lack of trouble-making.''

An individual creature's set of needs and their weights (levels) are affected by [[personality facet]]s. For instance, a dwarf that values romance will be unfocused "after being unable to make romance", while a dwarf that personally values nature will be unfettered "after seeing animals". Unreligious dwarves will have no need to pray or meditate; dubious and casual worshippers will have low or medium level needs to pray; committed believers will have high level need; and dwarves following multiple deities will have a separate prayer need, with separate level for each of their deities. Proposed weights per need level are 1, 2, 5, and 10.

As expected, high-level needs hold a much larger sway in a dwarf's overall focus than low-level needs. For example, "immoderation" controls the need for [[alcohol]]; dwarves, thus, are more likely to have a need for alcohol than humans (but most of the time won't have a very strong one). A small percentage have no need for alcohol at all, though they'll still slow down without it, due to dwarves' alcohol dependence.

Needs are shown in the "Needs" sub-tab of the "Personality" tab of a creature's character sheet, which can be accessed by clicking on the creature or from the creat{{k|u}}re tabs by clicking the magnifying glass next to the creature in one of the sub-tabs of the "creatures" tab..

Degree of fulfillment:
{| class = "wikitable"
!Descriptor
!Range
|-
| {{DFtext|Unfettered|2:1}}|| 400 to 300
|-
| {{DFtext|Level-headed|2:0}}|| 299 to 200
|-
| {{DFtext|Untroubled|7:1}}|| 199 to 100
|-
| {{DFtext|Not distracted|7:0}}|| 99 to -999
|-
| {{DFtext|Unfocused|6:0}}|| -1,000 to -9,999
|-
| {{DFtext|Distracted|6:1}}|| -10,000 to -99,999
|-
| {{DFtext|Badly distracted|4:1}}|| -100,000 and below
|}

When a need is satisfied, its value is refreshed to maximum (400), regardless of previous value. There is no minimum to how {{DFtext|Badly distracted|4:1}} a need can get. A deeper negative value won't further reduce total focus, which is based on a ratio of all needs' focus rating.

In the absence of needs rated as "Badly distracted" the focus score is expressed as the ratio of:

[6 * number of Unfettered scores +
5 1/3 * number of Level-headed scores +
4 2/3 * number of Untroubled scores +
4 * number of Not distracted scores +
3 1/3 * number of Unfocused scores +
2 2/3 * number of Distracted scores] / (4 * number of scores total)

where the numerator is rounded down to a whole number.

It is currently unknown how "Badly distracted" needs contribute to focus, pending further science, but it is likely that they contribute 2 points each to the numerator.

== Fortress actions per need ==

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
!Positive
!Negative
!Related [[Personality value|Value]] or [[Personality facet|Facet]]
!Job
|-
|spending time with people
|being away from people
|GREGARIOUSNESS
|Socialize
|-
|drinking
|being kept from alcohol
|IMMODERATION, SELF-CONTROL
|Drink alcohol
|-
|communing with [deity] / meditation
|being unable to pray (to [deity])
|
|Pray/meditate in a [[temple]]
|-
|staying occupied
|being unoccupied
|HARD_WORK, ACTIVITY_LEVEL
|(assumedly a sufficient amount of fortress tasks*)
|-
|doing something creative
|doing nothing creative
|ART_INCLINED
|Create or perform any artistic work
|-
|doing something exciting
|leading an unexciting life
|EXCITEMENT_SEEKING
|Varied; including at least being in danger or catching a live vermin
|-
|learning something
|not learning anything
|KNOWLEDGE, CURIOUS
|Gain a rank in any skill, learn a new subject from written content.
|-
|being with family
|being away from family
|FAMILY
|(Socialize with close family members? Note that this need ''can'' currently be assigned to dwarves without families)
|-
|being with friends
|being away from friends
|FRIENDSHIP
|(Socialize with friends?)
|-
|hearing eloquent speech
|being unable to hear eloquent speech
|ELOQUENCE
|Hear or recite poetry
|-
|upholding tradition
|being away from traditions
|TRADITION
|Talk with [[champion]] (Perform any improvisational form? Religious rites? Justice served?)
|-
|self-examination
|a lack of introspection
|INTROSPECTION
|read anything, compose song or poetry (automatically self-indulgent)
|-
|making merry
|being unable to make merry
|MERRIMENT, HUMOR
|Watching a performance, (Recite any poem?)
|-
|practicing a craft
|being unable to practice a craft
|CRAFTMANSHIP
|Craft any item
|-
|practicing a martial art
|being unable to practice a martial art
|MARTIAL_PROWESS
|Gain a rank in any combat skill
|-
|practicing a skill
|being unable to practice a skill
|SKILL
|Use any skill (?)
|-
|taking it easy
|being unable to take it easy
|LEISURE_TIME
|(assumedly spending a sufficient time idle or self-fulfilling?)
|-
|making romance
|being unable to make romance
|ROMANCE, LOVE PROPENSITY
|(''interacting'' with spouse/partner)
|-
|seeing animals
|being away from animals
|NATURE
|Animal must also see the dwarf.*
|-
|seeing a great beast
|being away from great beasts
|EXCITEMENT_SEEKING, NATURE, CURIOSITY
|Uncertain, possibly encounter LARGE_ROAMING?
|-
|acquiring something
|being unable to acquire something
|GREED, COMMERCE
|Acquire any trinket (happens automatically when performing a "Store item in stockpile" job on an eligible [[trade good]])
|-
|eating a good meal
|a lack of decent meals
|IMMODERATION
|Eating a preferred food (or a preferred alcohol [[cook]]ed into a meal), or a meal worth over 20☼.
|-
|fighting
|being unable to fight
|VIOLENT
|Partake in a fight or any combat.
|-
|causing trouble
|a lack of trouble-making
|HARMONY, DISCORD
|Fight or Argue
|-
|arguing
|being unable to argue
|FRIENDLINESS
|Argue
|-
|being extravagant
|being unable to be extravagant
|IMMODESTY
|Wear any item with a quality modifier
|-
|wandering
|being unable to wander
|NATURE, ACTIVITY LEVEL
|Complete a Fish, Return kill (hunt) or Gather plants job; complete a [[mission]]
|-
|helping somebody
|being unable to help anybody
|ALTRUISM, SACRIFICE
|Bring water or food to patient/prisoner/animal*; bring wounded units to rest; leading demonstration; being yelled at by unhappy citizens (for relevant nobles).
|-
|thinking abstractly
|a lack of abstract thinking
|ABSTRACT_INCLINED
|Read or write any written content, or compose music or a poem. Playing make-believe. (Using Architect skill does not satisfy this need.)
|-
|admiring art
|being unable to admire art
|ARTWORK
|Exposure to artful furniture, artistic crafts, or engravings. Watching certain performances.
|}
: (* See also [[animal caretaker]])

Satisfying any need will result in a good thought and a decrease in stress.

== Adventurer actions per need ==

{| class = "wikitable sortable"
!Positive
!Negative
!Related [[Personality value|Value]] or [[Personality facet|Facet]]
!Adventurer activity
|-
|spending time with people
|being away from people
|GREGARIOUSNESS
|Spea{{k|k}} to anyone or reply to greeting. They don't have to be able to reply back.
|-
|drinking
|being kept from alcohol
|IMMODERATION, SELF-CONTROL
|Drink alcohol
|-
|communing with [deity] / meditation
|being unable to pray (to [deity])
|
|Spea{{k|k}}, Pray to <Deity> or Begin a performance, Give a sermon
|-
|staying occupied
|being unoccupied
|HARD_WORK, ACTIVITY_LEVEL
|Very wide variety of actions
|-
|doing something creative
|doing nothing creative
|ART_INCLINED
|Perform or compose any work
|-
|doing something exciting
|leading an unexciting life
|EXCITEMENT_SEEKING
|A wide variety of actions
|-
|learning something
|not learning anything
|KNOWLEDGE, CURIOUS
|Gain a rank in any skill, learn a new subject from written content.
|-
|being with family
|being away from family
|FAMILY
|Implemented, but inaccessible without modding. If your character has close family members, this need will be filled by spending time with them (seems to only apply to blood [[relationship|relations]]). However, there is currently no way to actually do this outside of mods.
|-
|being with friends
|being away from friends
|FRIENDSHIP
|Unimplemented
|-
|hearing eloquent speech
|being unable to hear eloquent speech
|ELOQUENCE
|Hear or recite poetry
|-
|upholding tradition
|being away from traditions
|TRADITION
|Perform any improvisational form
|-
|self-examination
|a lack of introspection
|INTROSPECTION
|read anything, compose song or poetry (automatically self-indulgent), craft a figurine of yourself
|-
|making merry
|being unable to make merry
|MERRIMENT, HUMOR
|Recite any poem
|-
|practicing a craft
|being unable to practice a craft
|CRAFTMANSHIP
|Craft an item (ie, Knapping, Bone Carving)
|-
|practicing a martial art
|being unable to practice a martial art
|MARTIAL_PROWESS
|Gain a rank in any combat skill
|-
|practicing a skill
|being unable to practice a skill
|SKILL
|Gain a rank in any skill
|-
|taking it easy
|being unable to take it easy
|LEISURE_TIME
|Unknown (I fulfilled this need by going to sleep at a tavern, getting interrupted in the middle of the night by a giant alligator (which the bards killed by the time I went down the stairs) and performing with them for a while)
|-
|making romance
|being unable to make romance
|ROMANCE, LOVE PROPENSITY
|Unimplemented
|-
|seeing animals
|being away from animals
|NATURE
|Animal must also see you
|-
|seeing a great beast
|being away from great beasts
|EXCITEMENT_SEEKING, NATURE, CURIOSITY
|Uncertain, possibly encounter LARGE_ROAMING?{{Verify}}
|-
|acquiring something
|being unable to acquire something
|GREED, COMMERCE
|Acquire any item by trade or demand
|-
|eating a good meal
|a lack of decent meals
|IMMODERATION
|Eating a sufficiently valuable meal. Foods with an [[item value]] of at least 4☼ count.
|-
|fighting
|being unable to fight
|VIOLENT
|Engage in any combat of any lethality
|-
|causing trouble
|a lack of trouble-making
|HARMONY, DISCORD
|Fight or Argue
|-
|arguing
|being unable to argue
|FRIENDLINESS
|Get into any disagreement about values
|-
|being extravagant
|being unable to be extravagant
|IMMODESTY
|Wear any item with a quality modifier on a body part - a waterskin will not work, as it can only be worn ''in'' another item of clothing
|-
|wandering
|being unable to wander
|NATURE, ACTIVITY LEVEL
|Move to/from any site or region tile
|-
|helping somebody
|being unable to help anybody
|ALTRUISM, SACRIFICE
|Reunite family members
|-
|thinking abstractly
|a lack of abstract thinking
|ABSTRACT_INCLINED
|Read or write any written content, or compose music or a poem
|-
|admiring art
|being unable to admire art
|ARTWORK
|Exposure to artistic crafts, examining adornments and coins
|}

Satisfying any need will usually result in a good thought and a mild decrease in stress. (If the dwarf has extremely low CHEER, they may "felt nothing after X").

Creatures with {{token|NOEMOTION|c}} cannot satisfy any need and will inevitably become 'distracted'. In unmodded games, this concerns only [[Intelligent undead]].

==Adventure mode meta-strategy==

Upon creating your adventurer, you may want to avoid having any of the non-fulfillable needs: romance, family, friends. Otherwise, you will suffer never-ending [[focus]] disadvantages.
Some precaution is necessary in sacrifice/altruism -> helping capability is not available as long as you're quite weak (fighting; companions), and maybe in martial prowess if you're not constantly fighting, and so increasing your stats. To fulfill your booze needs, you'll have to visit human towns' taverns or other dwarven fortresses quite often (and fill your extra water storage containers with ale from the barrels for on the road).

{{Category|Dwarves}}

[[ru:Need]]

Thought

2025-08-01T03:10:59Z

Magistrum: Updated the value thresholds for meal happy thoughts, Rome of Oxtrot shared the code on discord recently.

{{Quality|Superior}}
{{av}}
[[File:thoughts_v50_preview.png|258px|right]]'''Thoughts''' are the reported observations and sentiments of [[dwarves]] in [[Dwarf fortress mode|fortress mode]], visible on the [[thoughts and preferences]] subscreen of their [[profile]]. A thought can either be a happy thought (positive thought) or a bad thought (negative thought). Over the course of play, a dwarf will experience circumstances that evoke specific [[emotion]]s based on their [[personality]].

A dwarf's recent emotions contribute to their [[stress]] level, displayed on the thoughts and preferences screen in somewhat subjective terms – to avoid bad thoughts, make [[keeping your dwarves happy]] a priority. Even when nothing is happening, a dwarf can still relive a past experience through [[memory (thought)|memories]], and thus a single experience can produce not just one thought at the time it happens, but many thoughts, as they remember that experience again and again. Dwarves can also feel nothing or not care about certain situations, giving them a neutral thought. A few examples of different levels of thoughts can go as follows:

{{DFtext|He felt|7:0}}{{DFtext| satisfied|2:0:1}}{{DFtext| at work. He felt|7:0}}{{DFtext| satisfied|2:0:1}}{{DFtext| upon improving mining.|7:0}} 
{{DFtext|He was|7:0}}{{DFtext| uneasy|6:0}}{{DFtext| after seeing a human's dead body.|7:0}} 
{{DFtext|He felt|7:0}}{{DFtext| restless|6:0}}{{DFtext| dwelling upon|5:0:1}}{{DFtext| seeing a goblin die.|7:0}} 
{{DFtext|He didn't feel anything after seeing a dog's dead body.|7:0}} 

To view a dwarf's recent thoughts and current stress level, press {{k|u}} to open the [[citizenship|citizens]] screen, find the dwarf in the list, and click the {{k|🔍}} to the right of their name. Or, move to the dwarf and select them with the mouse {{k|🖱️}}. This brings you to the thoughts and preferences screen for that dwarf, which, among other things, describes the dwarf's overall stress level as well as their constituent thoughts.

Below is a list of circumstances that may inspire thoughts.

{{clear}}

== Legend ==
                    - Positive thought 
                    - Very positive thought 
                    - Negative thought 
                    - Very negative thought 
                    - Variable thought

== Accommodations ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after sleeping in a bedroom like a personal palace
after sleeping in a (fantastic/great/very good/good) bedroom
|Slept in '''a''' (not necessarily assigned) [[bedroom]] of a certain [[Room|quality]] recently; see [[Zones#Quality_and_value]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping in a (horribly substandard/horrible/awful/very poor/poor) bedroom
|A member of the dwarven [[noble|nobility]] who has slept in a less-than-satisfactory bedroom; see [[Noble#Needs]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|dining in a (legendary/fantastic/great/very good/good) dining room
|Dined in '''a''' (usually not assigned) [[dining room]] of a certain [[Room|quality]] recently; see [[Zones#Quality_and_value]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|dining in a (horribly substandard/horrible/awful/very poor/poor) dining room
|A member of the dwarven [[noble|nobility]] who has dined in a less-than-satisfactory dining room; see [[Noble#Needs]].

|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping uneasily due to noise
after being disturbed during sleep by loud noises 
after loud noises made it impossible to sleep
| Was sleeping in the zone of influence of a [[noise]] source.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping without a proper room
| Was sleeping and couldn't find a bed designated as a [[bedroom]] not assigned to someone else.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after sleeping (in/on) the (mud/dirt/grass/rocks/ice/a rough cave floor/floor/a pile of driftwood)
|Could not find any [[bed]] for sleeping, or the dwarf is a [[ambusher|hunter]]. The thought may be dependent upon the terrain.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|when (drowsy/utterly sleep-deprived)
|Became sleepy, but wasn't able to [[sleep]] because a task had to be completed. Extreme tiredness will lead to [[insane|insanity]], but could only really happen when a mother is looking for her infant.
|}

== Nourishment ==
{{old|v=0.47.05}}
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after having a (pretty decent/fine/wonderful/truly decadent/legendary) drink
|Dwarf drank [[booze]] they have a [[preference]] for. (level determined by alcohol stack's value{{cite forum|120870.msg3901346#msg3901346}})
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after eating a (pretty decent meal/fine dish/wonderful dish/truly decadent dish/legendary meal)
|Dwarf ate food with a high value. (A preferred item will guarantee level 1, if no preference for any of the ingredient the thresholds are 20☼/25☼/100☼/200☼/400☼)
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when (thirsty/hungry)
| Got [[hungry]] or [[thirsty]] and didn't eat or drink soon enough.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when (dehydrated/starving)
| Has not had food or drink for a long time and will soon [[death|die]] if immediate remedial action is not taken.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|after being forced to eat vermin to survive
| Dwarf hunted vermin for food due to starvation. Will still die if real food is not provided immediately.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|drinking nasty water
| Got thirsty and had to drink [[Water#Stagnant water|stagnant]] or [[blood|contaminated]] water because no alcohol or fresh water was available.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| drinking the same old booze
eating the same old food
| Drinking the same variety of [[alcohol]] or eating the same type of [[food]] repeatedly.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having a drink without using a goblet, cup or mug
| Drinking directly from a [[barrel]] without a [[goblet]].
|- style="background:#F79898" |
| after being forced to eat a (beloved creature/treasured pet) to survive
| Of course, if things get this bad, a tantrum spiral can't make it that much worse.
|}

== Amenities ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|seeing a/near (own) (very fine/splendid/wonderful/completely sublime) ([[Sculpture_garden|tastefully arranged]]) [building]
|Passed by a constructed piece of [[furniture]] or a [[building]] requiring [[architecture]] and noticed it.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after being near to a * in a cage
|Passed near a [[cage]]d [[creature]] the dwarf has a [[preference]] for; see [[zoo]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after a bath
|Was cleaned with [[soap]] during the administration of [[healthcare|medical care]], or walked through a water tile.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|after a soapy bath
|Dwarf cleaned [[contaminant]]s from self using [[soap]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
|being near to a waterfall
|Sprayed by [[mist]] from a [[waterfall]], which dwarves find relaxing.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after retching on a miasma
after choking on (smoke/dust) underground
| Dwarf was exposed to [[miasma]], [[smoke]], or a [[cave in]] recently. Impact based on personality traits.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
|at the lack of chairs
|Was eating and couldn't find an unoccupied [[chair]].
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| eating at a crowded table
| Tried to eat at a table someone else was already eating at (only occurs if there are no free tables).
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| at the lack of dining tables
| Was eating and couldn't find a [[table]] next to an available chair sat on while eating.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being pestered by *
| Shared a tile with an annoying [[vermin]] and noticed it.{{verify}}
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being accosted by *
| Exposure to a [[vermin]] that the dwarf particularly hates.{{verify}}
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being near *
| Dwarf examined a cage containing [[preference|hated]] [[vermin]] (moral of the story, don't cage hate-able vermin in sight).{{verify}}
|}

== Relations ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| talking with (the spouse/mother/father/a lover/a friend/a sibling/a child/somebody)
| Dwarf employed their [[social skill]]s and conversed with someone while idling or attending a [[party]] recently.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after watching a performance
| Dwarf was in a [[tavern]] and watched someone performing.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after talking to a pillar of society
| Dwarf spoke with a noble.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| (interacting/visiting) with a (pet/animal training partner)
| Dwarf was near a friendly animal
|- style="background:#abf2bf;"
| discussing (the spouse/mother/father/a lover/a friend/an acquaintance/a sibling/a child/somebody)'s problems
| Spoke with somebody while [[Status_icons|stressed]]
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when forced to talk to somebody annoying
| Had to endure the presence of the object of a [[grudge]] recently.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after bringing somebody to rest in bed
| Dwarf carried an [[unconscious]] (usually [[wound|injured]]) dwarf to a bed.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after giving somebody (food/water)
| Dwarf carried food or water to an indisposed dwarf.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after making a friend
| Initiated a [[friend]]ship recently.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| after getting into an argument
| Dwarf got into an argument with someone else.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after forming a grudge
| Spent time with a dwarf with an incompatible personality, resulting in a new [[grudge]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after adopting a new pet
| Adopted a domesticated [[stray]] animal recently; note that adopted animals cannot be [[butcher]]ed without serious stress penalties, which can cause [[Catsplosion|problems]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| at being separated from (a loved one/loved ones)
| Dwarf's loved one is not in the fortress, either due to migration or a [[snatcher]].
|}

== Job satisfaction ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| at work
| The dwarf was able to work with materials, items or animals they have a [[preference]] for in their job.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after producing a masterwork
| The dwarf created a very high [[quality]] item.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| upon mastering *
| The dwarf reached legendary status in a skill.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after creating an artifact
| The dwarf crafted an [[artifact]] in a [[strange mood]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after suffering the travesty of art defacement
| A [[quality|masterwork quality]] good crafted by this dwarf was lost, stolen, or destroyed.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after forming a bond with an animal training partner
| The dwarf grew attached to an animal during training.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after felling a tree
| The dwarf cut down a tree.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after putting a piece on display
| The dwarf put something on a [[pedestal]].

|}

== Clothing ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to be wearing (old/tattered) clothing
| Wearing [[wear|old or tattered]] [[clothing]] with no available replacement.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to have clothes rot off
| An article of clothing on the dwarf wore away completely.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to be uncovered
| The dwarf has no clothing from the item_pants file, leaving them pantsless - and probably complaining about the draught.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| to have no (shirt/shoes)
| Missing specific articles of [[clothing]].
|}

== Wedlock ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after giving birth to *
| [[Children]] may tax a fortress's resources and [[population cap]].
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after becoming a parent
| Dwarf became a father/mother.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after gaining (a sibling/siblings)
| Finally! A family member with a lesser [[beard]]!
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| while getting married
| Marriage (and childrearing) is the secret to happiness.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| was caught up in a new romance
| The (bachelor[ette]) dwarf gained a [[lover]] recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after (a/spouse's) miscarriage
| Pregnant dwarf miscarried due to starvation, dehydration, or severe injury.
|}

== Noble pretensions ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to be (elected/re-elected)
| Dwarf was elected to office.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after (entering the/receiving a higher rank of) nobility
| Dwarf gained a new noble title.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| having a (legendary/fantastic/great/very good/good) tomb after gaining another year
|A member of the high dwarven [[noble|nobility]] had a more-than-satisfactory [[tomb]] upon having reached their [[age|birthday]] recently; see [[Noble#Needs]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having a (poor/very poor/awful/horrible/horribly substandard) tomb after gaining another year
about not having a tomb after gaining another year
| A member of the high dwarven [[noble|nobility]] had a less-than-satisfactory [[tomb]] upon having reached their [[age|birthday]] recently, or none at all; see [[Noble#Needs]].
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| considering the state of demands
| Noble dwarf [[demand]]ed something.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to have a mandate deadline met
| Noble dwarf [[mandate]]d something and it was provided on cue.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having a mandate (deadline missed/ignored)
| Noble issued a [[mandate]] that went beyond time or was unfulfilled entirely.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| not having enough (chests/cabinets/weapon racks/armor stands)
|Noble doesn't have enough of their position's furniture requirements.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| by a lesser's pretentious (office/sleeping/dining/burial) arrangements
| A member of the dwarven [[noble|nobility]] who is unhappy that their accommodations are worse than those of a lower-ranked dwarf's room.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| having to conduct an official meeting in a (bedroom/dining room)
| Noble dwarf had to meet with a diplomat without an office (or any dining room if a bedroom was used)
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| not having any rooms
| Noble dwarf without any kind of room to conduct a meeting in.
|}

== Justice ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to have (his/her) punishment delayed
| No one was around to carry out the dwarf's [[justice|punishment]].
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| to have (his/her) punishment reduced
| No [[jail]]s were available, so the [[justice|punishment]] was "reduced" to a beating (unless precautions are taken, this is likely to be lethal for the unfortunate dwarf).
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after punishing somebody with a beating
| Justice, dispensed.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after beating somebody with a hammer
| Criminals, smote.
|- style="background:#73D58E" |
| after being released from confinement
| Was [[Justice|jailed]] or [[thief|snatched]], and was released recently
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| that a criminal could not be properly punished
| The victim of the crime, upset that it goes improperly punished.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after the delayed punishment of a criminal
| The victim of the crime, upset that punishment was delayed.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being confined
| Dwarf is in a [[cage]] ([[jail]]ed or [[cage trap|trapped]]), or has been abducted by a goblin [[snatcher]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| considering the scarcity of cages and chains
| Dwarves in a sufficiently large fortress don't like to be without a [[fortress guard]] or the lack of a proper [[jail]]. Currently only affects the actual dwarves in charge of law enforcement.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being beaten
| Justice was administered unto this dwarf recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being beaten with a hammer
| Justice was smitten unto this dwarf recently (they're likely lying in a hospital bed with broken ribs at the minimum, and just plain dead at worst).
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being unable to find a hammer
| Poor [[hammerer]].
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after an animal was convicted of a crime
| When you pin a crime on an animal...
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after a long-dead corpse was convicted of a crime
| ...or a corpse...
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after the bizarre conviction against all reason of the victim of a crime
| ... or the victim--for example, convicting a blood-drained dwarf of draining their own blood
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| upon receiving justice through a criminal's conviction
when a family member received justice through a criminal's conviction
| [[Justice]], served.
|}

== Injury and death ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being knocked out during a cave-in
| The dwarf was caught in a [[cave in]] and knocked unconscious, check for injuries.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after being (rescued/able to rest and recuperate)
| A wounded dwarf was rescued and carried to a [[bed]], and is now resting.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after receiving (food/water)
| An indisposed dwarf received nourishment from their fellows.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being attacked
| Dwarf was [[combat|assaulted]] by a hostile creature.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being attacked by the dead
| Fighting [[Undead|undeath]] exacts a heavy mental cost on dwarves, as does getting attacked by [[ghost]]s.
|- style="background:#F79898" |
| after being * by a dead (pet/spouse/lover/sibling/friend/animal training partner/and still annoying acquaintance)
| ...especially when your own child's reanimated corpse is gnawing on your ear.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after suffering a (minor/major) injury
| Dwarf sustained a [[wound]] recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after seeing * die
| Saw something/someone die
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after seeing * 's dead body
| Saw a [[corpse]], or a part of a corpse--even a single tooth.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being tormented in nightmares by a dead (pet/spouse/lover/sibling/mother/father/child/friend/still annoying acquaintance/animal training partner)
| A dwarf's companion, loved one, or rival died recently.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being forced to endure the decay of a (friend/pet/spouse/lover/sibling/mother/father/child/annoying acquaintance/animal training partner).
| The corpse of the dwarf's companion, loved one, or rival is rotting on the ground rather than being properly [[coffin|entombed]].
|}

== Military duty ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| being near to a conflict
| Dwarf saw a battle.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| while in conflict
| Dwarf was in a battle.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when joining an existing conflict
| Dwarf went all emo because the battle had already begun.
|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| while killing somebody
| Landed the [[kill list|killing blow]] on another creature.
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after a sparring session
| Military dwarf in training successfully [[sparring|sparred]].

|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| during long patrol duty
| Military dwarf has active order (other than training) for more than one month (one if complaining, two if depressed, three if enraged). Soldiers stop getting this thought upon becoming [[Soldier#Heroes|Heroes]].
|}

== Tantrums ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#abf2bf;" |
| after (throwing something/toppling something over/smashing up a building/starting a fist fight)
| The dwarf recently threw an item, threw something over, smashed up a building, or punched someone while throwing a [[tantrum]]. Needs to be controlled immediately or else a [[tantrum spiral]] may result.

|- style="background:#FFFFFF;" |
| while (yelling at/crying on) somebody in charge
| The dwarf took out their frustration on a noble.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| after being unable to find (a priest/somebody in charge) to (yell at/cry on)
| The dwarf was not consoled because a noble is inaccessible or busy.
|}

== Weather ==
{| class="wikitable" width=100%
! width=40% | Occurrence
! width=60% | Trigger
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| when caught in (the rain/a snow storm/freakish weather)
| Went outside while it was [[weather#rain|raining]], [[weather#Snow and Cold |snowing]], or in [[weather#evil weather|evil weather]]. Dwarves who like working outdoors won't get stressed from this.
|- style="background:#F7C5C5;" |
| at being out in the sunshine again
after being nauseated by the sun
| Is suffering from [[cave adaptation]] and went outside. Nausea indicates a more serious case.
|}

{{Category|Thoughts| }}
[[ru:Thought]]

Kitchen

2025-08-01T02:58:03Z

Magistrum: Changed the unrealistic expectations around prepared meal values after the quality nerf, added a mention of the eating good meal need. Removed the line saying cooking prevents rot, as prepared meals rot the same as any other food item and produce miasma. Removed the paragraph telling the reader to link only 1 booze stockpile to the kitchen to avoid trapping newbies, let them get to the bottom of the article and read the full explanation.

{{Quality|Exceptional}}
{{v50 workshop
|name=Kitchen
|icon=[[File:kitchen_icon.png]]
|key=z
|construction_job=
*[[Cooking]]
|construction=
* [[Building material]] (non-[[economic]])
|job=
*[[Cooking]]
|use=
* [[Alcohol]]
* [[Cheese]]
* [[Dwarven sugar]]
* [[Dwarven syrup]]
* [[Egg]]
* [[Fat]]
* [[Fish]]
* [[Flour]]
* [[Food]]
* [[Honey]]
* [[Meat]]
* [[Milk]]
* [[Plants]]
* [[Prepared organs]]
* [[Seed]]s
* [[Tallow]]
|production =
*[[Food|Prepared meals]]
*[[Tallow]]
}}{{av}}

A '''kitchen''' is operated by a dwarf with the [[Cook|cooking]] [[labor]] enabled. It is mainly used to cook prepared meals, but also to render fat from [[Butcher's shop|butchered]] animals into [[tallow]].

Cooking meals applies a [[quality]] modifier to each ingredient, which can modestly increase the [[food]]'s value (and a legendary cook can theoretically increase it by up to 34× in the case of cooking seeds). Cooked meals count as each of their ingredients for the purpose of satisfying your dwarves' [[preference]]s, increasing the likelihood of happy [[thought]]s and fulfilling the "eat a good meal" [[need]] when eating. Cooking [[plants]] will not preserve the [[seed]]s: To retain seeds from plants, either [[brew]] them, [[Thresher|process]] them, or simply encourage your dwarves to eat them raw.

==Types of meals==
Prepared meals can be ordered in one of three categories:
* '''Easy meals''' require two ingredients and are named "{last ingredient} '''biscuit'''" ([[File:biscuit_sprite.png]]).
* '''Fine meals''' require three ingredients and are named "{last ingredient} '''stew'''" ([[File:stew_sprite.png]]).
* '''Lavish meals''' require four ingredients and are named "{last ingredient} '''roast'''" ([[File:roast_sprite.png]]).

Lavish meals, with 4 ingredients, result in larger stacks of food, and require less final hauling for the same amount of prepared food. They take a bit longer to produce (because the cook has to do more initial [[hauling]], and because the workshop is more likely to become [[clutter]]ed), and result in less experience gained for your cook per ingredient used. With a greater variety of materials in the prepared meal, there is a higher probability a dwarf will eat something they [[Preferences|like]], giving the eater a happy [[thought]].

Easy meals, with only 2 ingredients, will give more experience per ingredient and result in twice as much hauling ''after'' cooking, and fine meals, requiring 3 ingredients, fall between the two.

==Using liquid ingredients==
At least one stack going into a prepared meal must be a solid item - if you have only [[Alcohol|booze]], [[milk]], and [[Dwarven syrup|syrup]], your cooking jobs will get canceled. However, a single [[plump helmet]] can be cooked with ten dwarven wine, ten dwarven milk, and ten dwarven syrup, to make 31 +Plump Helmet Roast+ without issue.

==What to cook==
You may want to adjust what your dwarves are allowed to cook. For example, your dwarves may happily cook away all the [[seed]]s you need for planting, or use all your [[drink|booze]] as ingredients, a good way to create [[fun]] in the early stages of the fortress. Additionally, cooks seem to prefer some of the worst ingredients (single units of low-value materials like [[tallow]]). To suppress the cooking of certain items (such as booze, seeds or tallow) go to the {{menu icon|y}} labor menu and then go to the ''Kitchen'' subtab. Every cookable and/or brewable item in your fortress will be listed. Once you allow or forbid the cooking or brewing of some kind of product, it will be used (or not) accordingly. Note that any cooking jobs in progress will be canceled if you disallow one of the cook's chosen ingredients.

Cooking with alcohol usually results in large stacks of prepared meals, because alcohol typically has large stack sizes. It is assumed that since all dwarves have a [[preference]] for at least one type of alcohol, cooking with alcohol improves the chance of happy [[thought]]s from eating. Of course, you then need to ensure that you have enough alcohol left for your dwarves to drink; cooked alcohol does not count as drink.

Ideally, you want to combine four different ingredients in each meal to maximize the chance of a dwarf experiencing a happy [[thought]] due to a [[preference]]. Unfortunately, when left up to your cook, you'll likely end up with an endless string of [[tallow]] roasts. To enforce variety, you can create a series of single-tile, barrel-less "feeder" [[stockpile]]s, each of which allows a different type of (cookable) food, all set to "give" to your kitchen.

==Storage==
Individual types of prepared meals are not listed in the middle column or right column of the stockpile menu for the Food category. The switch for allowing or banning prepared meals in a [[stockpile]] is displayed underneath the right column and toggled by clicking on "Prepared meals" in the mentioned category.

The size of a prepared food stack varies according to the sum of all ingredient stacks; with large input stacks your kitchen will create a stack of prepared meals that is too big to fit into a [[barrel]] or [[pot]] (capacity 60). If you want to designate a stockpile as the destination for your kitchen's output, be sure that the number of barrels allowed in the stockpile is lower than the number of squares in the stockpile. That way there will be a few non-barrel squares for your haulers to deposit overly large stacks of prepared meals. Given that food left in the open will attract [[Fly|flies]], causing unhappiness in dwarves who encounter them, it may be best to store prepared meals in an area of less traffic than the rest of a food stockpile. You can also "break" large stacks into smaller stacks (for a fee) by trading them to a [[caravan]] and then purchasing them back in smaller stacks.{{verify|v50 doesn't seem to have any means to choose quantity of items from stack through trade interface.}}

Be aware that food that is not properly stored in a stockpile rots quite fast. Rotting is the worst possible fate for a masterfully prepared meal, and the chef would have every right to be angry about it, since all of their effort spent preparing the meal literally went to waste. Prepared meals can also trigger masterwork destruction if they are eaten by vermin.

==Trade==
Prepared meals can be [[trade]]d since they are renewable/sustainable, easily transported, easily sub-divided, and stack quality modifiers. Even a novice cook has a chance of increasing the value of raw ingredients somewhat; see [[Item_value#Prepared_meal|Item value]] for more information.

However, elven traders will be [[Trading#Unacceptable_items|offended]] by meals that contain animal-derived ingredients.

== Bugs ==
Cooks will only cook fluid ingredients as a last resort, instead preferring to cook solid foods with solid foods. {{Bug|2393}}

To force the kitchen to cook with fluids like [[alcohol|booze]], [[milk]], [[oil]], or [[dwarven syrup]], you can limit the possible ingredients used for cooking through [[stockpile]] linkage. If a [[kitchen]] is set to accept ingredients from a stockpile, it will not use any other ingredients unless they are already stored in the kitchen (which may be encountered if no one has yet hauled some recently-rendered [[tallow]]). Set up a tiny stockpile to only hold solid food ingredients, but no [[barrel|barrels]]. The size of this stockpile will determine how many solid ingredients the kitchen can easily use, so if it is 1x1, the cook will use just one solid ingredient before looking elsewhere. A speedy hauler might get another item into that space before the cook stops looking for ingredients, but this is uncommon. Set up another stockpile to hold the fluid ingredients. Set both of these stockpiles to give items to the kitchen. If there's nothing else left in the tiny stockpile when the cook is looking for ingredients, then the only other ingredients which can be used will be the fluid ingredients, and so they will be used even though they are not preferred by the cook.

Of course, the tiny solid ingredient stockpile will need to be refilled, so you will also need a larger stockpile that links to the tiny one. Unfortunately, once ingredients are in barrels, they will never be taken out of the barrels to be moved to the tiny stockpile, so the larger stockpile will also have to be limited to not use barrels. One way to get ingredients out of barrels is to set a barrel-using food stockpile to only accept from linked stockpiles, set the stockpile to give to the kitchen but not to take from anything, and queue up a lavish meal. Watch the kitchen, and once ingredients have been delivered so work can begin, cancel or pause the work. They will then need to empty the kitchen, and since your barrel-using stockpile is set to not accept from the kitchen, only your barrel-free stockpiles will be available. It might be quicker and less frustrating to [[Exploit#Quantum_stockpiles|dump]] ingredients from barrels into a barrel-free stockpile instead.
[[File:medieval_kitchen2.png|thumb|410px|center|Artwork of a medieval kitchen. ''(Art by Oksana)'']]
{{Workshops}}
{{Category|Food}}
{{Category|Farming Workshops}}

Zone

2025-07-04T22:44:34Z

Magistrum: Removed the info about the engravings using the material value of the most common material in the room, I don't know when this behavior was changed, testing on 51.

{{Quality|Masterwork}}
{{av}}
[[Image:Zones menu v50.03.png|right]]
'''Zones''' are areas where your citizens will work, socialize, rest, or perform specific duties, such as [[fishing]], dumping objects, or collecting [[water]].
Zones are optional for the performance of certain tasks (fishing, collecting water) but obligatory for others (dumping), and are used primarily to keep dwarves out of [[fun|danger]].

Zones can be placed in any [[revealed tile]], including in [[open space]], over a [[river]], or on top of a [[building]] or [[stockpile]]. They are placed in one of three ways: rectangular, draw, or (for some zones) multi. From within the Zones [[menu]] ({{k|z}}), selecting the zone type will open the zone creation menu. From here, you can select whether to create a zone in a rectangle (at which point you click the two corners for the zone), draw (where clicking adds single squares to the zone). You can enable erasing at any time and use rectangle and draw to remove squares from the zone. The number shown indicates how many selected floor tiles can be used for that type of zone.

Unlike [[stockpiles]], multiple zones can overlap.

For select zone types, you can change from Paint to Multi mode, in which you can draw a rectangle over multiple rooms, and each room valid for that zone type will be a separate zone. The number shown is the number of zones created in the last rectangle drawn, and the undo button will only undo the last rectangle created.

Some zones can be further specified into [[locations]] after creation. To do this, first create the relevant zone, then click the Add Location button (+) to further specify it as a location. Multiple zones can be added to a single location, allowing them to span multiple rooms.

In some cases (pen/pasture, pit/pond) additional orders can then be set from the same menu. The location of a zone is only visible while in the Zones menu, and any object lying on the ground will hide the presence of a zone tile. The size of a zone is unlimited.

== Zone Types ==

=== Meeting area ===
[[File:meeting_icon_preview.png|right]]'''Meeting area zones''' are zones in which idle dwarves and animals will congregate. After a meeting area is designated, it can be left as is, or it can be made into a [[tavern]], [[temple]], [[library]], [[guildhall]] or [[hospital]]. Additionally, [[immigration|immigrants]] will collect at a meeting area until their "migrant" status wears off. Note that the [[wagon (embark)|wagon]] you [[embark|arrive with]] constitutes a meeting area until you designate the first meeting area of your own. If you start in hostile surroundings, it is important to do so, so as to get your dwarves and animals out of danger quickly. It is a good idea to have at least one meeting area of one form or another: It allows you to make off-duty dwarves and animals gather in an area where they are not vulnerable within the fortress. A meeting area filled with dwarves increases the [[social skill]]s of idlers. It makes idle dwarves a little less idle. Because almost every dwarf visits a meeting area at least occasionally, it's an ideal place to site valuable objects and buildings. A meeting area exposed to sunlight will additionally prevent dwarves from becoming [[cave adaptation|cave-adapted]]. Note that having dwarves socialize will often result in them forming [[relationship]]s.

It is not advisable to have animals mill around in crowded meeting areas for a prolonged time, as they will pick fights with dwarves and other animals. While this may be negligible in the case of a hen, it also applies to your [[Dog#War dogs|war dogs]] (although this can be partly beneficial, since all your dwarves will get combat experience from being bitten occasionally, especially the children, who mill around constantly).

If the meeting area is made a guildhall or a temple, the icon of the zone will change depending on the room's quality. For a guildhall, the icons are [[File:meeting_quality0_sprite.png|19px]] and [[File:meeting_quality1_sprite.png|19px]]. For a temple, the icons are [[File:temple_quality0_sprite.png|20px]], [[File:temple_quality1_sprite.png|20px]] and [[File:temple_quality2_sprite.png|20px]]. Dwarves may petition for these types of rooms of varying qualities.

=== Office ===
{{main|Office}}

[[File:office_medium_icon.png|right]]An office is a zone required by some [[Noble|nobles]], and requires a [[chair]]. [[Manager|Managers]] will use the chair to validate and check [[work orders]]. A [[bookkeeper]] will use the office to update the [[stock]]records and increase the precision of the records. A dwarf with an office assigned will sometimes [[eat]] in their own office if there is no communal [[dining hall]] designated in the fortress, but this does not provide any happy [[thought]], no matter how [[Room value|luxuriously decorated]] the office may be, and may even generate a bad thought if the chair doesn't have a [[table]] adjacent to it.

=== Bedroom ===
{{main|Bedroom}}

[[File:bedroom_medium_icon.png|right]]A bedroom is a zone where a single dwarf (and possibly their spouse and children) will sleep and store their belongings in. Requires a [[bed]]. A cabinet can be built for the dwarf to store their [[Wear|old]] clothing; and a chest for dwarves to store their belongings like [[coins]], [[Finished Goods|rings, scepters]] etc. A dwarf with no cabinet, or with low [[Personality facet#ORDERLINESS|orderliness]] personality facet will scatter their old clothing everywhere.

=== Dormitory ===
{{main|Dormitory}}

[[File:bedroom_medium_icon.png|right]]A dormitory is a zone containing multiple [[Bed|beds]] where all dwarves that do not have a bedroom assigned to them will sleep. However, sleeping in a dormitory will generate a negative [[thought]] (embarrassed after sleeping without a proper room).

=== Dining hall ===
{{main|Dining hall}}

[[File:dining_medium_icon.png|right]]A Dining Hall is a zone where dwarves go to eat. Requires one or more [[Table|tables]].

=== Barracks ===
{{main|Barracks}}

[[File:barracks_medium_icon.png|right]]A barracks zone is a zone where a [[military]] will go to sleep, train, or store their equipment.

=== Pen/Pasture ===
{{main|Pasture}}

[[File:pasture_medium_icon.png|right]]A pen or a pasture is used to contain tame animals. Once one is created, animals must be assigned to it individually from the zone information menu. Dwarves will drag the assigned animals to the pen or pasture automatically. Domestic animals tend to aggregate at [[meeting area]]s instead, as will herbivorous ones, which will probably lead to starvation, unless your meeting area is overgrown with [[grass]] or fungi for some reason. '''Any tame creature with the "grazer" token in the raws should be assigned to a pasture. This includes mules, cows, goats, horses, yaks, unicorns etc.''' Animals will not typically wander out of their assigned pasture even if it is not walled in, however animals will abandon their posts and will have to be dragged back to them if they are threatened by enemies, and an exposed pasture may lead to premature slaughter at the hands of invaders. Since pets can be assigned to pen/pastures and a zone can be created under a [[dwarven atom smasher]], this is one of the easiest ways to prevent [[catsplosion]]s.

=== Archery range ===
{{main|Archery range}}

[[File:archery_medium_icon.png|right]]An archery range is used by [[marksdwarves]] (or [[Bow|bowdwarves]] and [[blowgun|blowgunners]] by editing the raw). A marksdwarf will pick up bolts nearest to them And then shoot at the target. Upon depleting the bolts, the markdwarf will gain a happy thought(feels pleasure after practicing at an archery range). The marksdwarf's XP gain by practicing in an archery range is only [[Experience|half the amount]] compared to using a [[Advanced Marksdwarf Training Guide|live target]]. but it has the advantages of being easy to set up and needing much less micromanagement. Note that markdwarves cannot shoot adjacent to the [[archery target]]. and there must be at least 1 tile of walkable perimeter that is from the target in order for archery practice to happen.

=== Pit/Pond ===
{{TipBox2|titlebg=#c00|textbg=#ffd|[[File:warning_icon.png|25px]] Warning!|There have been multiple reports of hostile creatures escaping confinement while pitting. In previous versions, only "thief" type creatures, flyers, or large creatures like titans would escape using this system. The 0.40 behavior is still being investigated. Use of forbidden tightly closed hatches above every hole appears to prevent escape.
See [[Mass pitting]] for more. If there are walls under the hole's edges rather than open space, they will allow [[Climber|grabbing and climbing]], so you may want to dig out an overhang, or at least [[Smoothing|smooth]] these walls.
}}

[[File:pit_medium_icon.png|right]]A Pit/Pond requires a [[ramp]] or hole with adjacent flooring on which a dwarf can stand. Designate the zone from the top of the ramp or hole, such that the zone designation is floating in the open space above the floor of the pit/pond. By default, the zone will be a pit. To toggle between pit and pond, press corresponding icon in zone information menu.

Creatures can be assigned to a pit/pond. If the creature is [[cage]]d, a dwarf will release it from the cage (rather than bringing the cage to the pit). The dwarf will lead the beast to the pit and throw it in. If the pit is a ramp rather than a hole, the creature will then wander back out, as it will if the pit has some other exit path (which would include straight back up the hole for flying creatures). Note that some (or possibly all?) hostile creatures may escape on being released from their cage, possibly attacking the dwarf who opened the cage.
Additionally, dwarves refuse to pit dwarves, hostile or not.
{{Colored Notice Box||See [[Mass pitting]] for more information on pit design involving hostile creatures.}}

The only real difference between a pit and a pond is that dwarves will attempt to fill a pond with [[water]], carried by [[bucket]] from a water source. They will stand on the floor adjacent to the top of the ramp or hole, and toss the water onto the ramp or into the hole. This works even if there is a forbidden [[floor hatch]] covering the hole. Each bucketful increases the depth of the water in the tile below by 1/7. Once the water is dumped from the bucket, the dwarf will either drop the bucket and perform a different task, or choose to fill a pond zone tile again using the bucket (s)he currently holds. Dwarves will stop scheduling the Fill Pond job when the water depth reaches 6/7. Specifying a pond zone is one technique used for [[irrigation]], in order to make [[mud]] for [[farming]] on areas without soil. Currently, no matter how large the designated pond area, only one dwarf at a time will try to fill the pond. In order to fill a large area quickly, it is necessary to designate multiple smaller pond zones (or several zones overlapping the same area).

To make obsidian or cleanse stagnant water with fresh water, the pond zone must be designated an extra tile above the magma/stagnant pool, so that the water falls for a full tile before contacting the surface.

If you have more than one pond designated as a water source, your dwarves may endlessly try to fill each pond with the other pond's water, making a loop of useless duty; this may be undesirable, although otherwise-idle dwarves performing this task won't be making any friends. Only dwarves with the [[Hauling#Water_hauling|Water hauling]] labor enabled will fill ponds.

Artificial ponds are considered to be the same as Murky Pools - you'll only catch pond fish from them (i.e. turtles). If you want to catch river fish, you must fish from the river's original tiles (or perform some DFHack trickery to mark your new tiles as being part of the river).

=== Garbage Dump ===
{{main|Garbage dump}}
[[File:trash_medium_icon.png|right]]Garbage dump zones are areas in which dwarves will throw items marked for dumping - either by manual setting of dump status from item information menu, or {{k|i}} - {{k|p}} (bulk dumping; note that this designates ''all'' items on the tiles for dumping, even built [[furniture]] and items inside [[Storage|container]]s). Garbage dumps are ''not'' the same as [[Refuse#Refuse|refuse]] stockpiles, which can be designated to accept specific type(s) of refuse, such as animal [[corpse]]s or [[bones]], and then are automatically filled by haulers whenever the items appear on the map. Despite the name, garbage dump zones are useful for many things beyond [[garbage disposal]]; they can create [[quantum stockpile]]s, transport materials to a job site, send items to the [[trade depot]] when no caravan is present, [[trap design#Falling_debris_trap|drop rocks]] on enemies below, and numerous other uses.

Be aware that if a garbage zone is designated beside a cliff or hole (any open space, either natural or dwarf-made), garbage will be thrown into the open space. If a dump is designated over a [[ramp]] to the next level down, some dwarves may walk down the ramp to dump their items, while others may just toss their items down from above and onto those dwarves, injuring or killing them.

The garbage dump may be inappropriately named, as it's more of a matter compression zone. The specifics are beyond human understanding; however, dwarves are in fact capable of compressing an infinite amount of matter into only one tile, as long as it is specified as a garbage dump. If, for some reason [[Main:Urist|Urist]] is yet again incapable of locating his favorite pair of, say, troll fur socks, he should think to look among the black hole of matter that is the nearest garbage dump, as they could be snugly lodged between a few billion rocks.

=== Water source ===
[[File:water_medium_icon.png|right]]Dwarves will use these zones to draw water, to satisfy booze-less [[thirst]], to tend to another thirsty dwarf (with the Give Water job), or to fill a [[#Pit/Pond|Pond zone]]. Only tiles ''adjacent'' to water qualify as usable water sources - thus, if you want to place a single-tile zone, place the zone onto a ground tile next to the water, not over the water itself. This zone should ''not'' be used with [[well]]s - this is redundant, as they are already considered their own water source.

If this zone does not exist, any water source can be used. If at least one water source zone exists, then dwarves will only get water from these zones.

Remember that natural bodies of water usually contain aquatic wildlife, some of which may attack your dwarves, or at least spook civilians, and interrupt their tasks. Often it may be best to simply designate a safe body of water as a water source so dwarves aren't allowed to drink/fish anywhere else.

Normally, creatures cannot attack any dwarves through a [[well]] so long as the well is not on the same z-level as the top of the lake/river, thus building one will allow your dwarves safe access to water inhabited by vicious animals (as long as those can't climb).

When dangerous fish are found in the river, one solution is to dig an artificial [[channel]] and place a [[grate]] between it and the river proper, as fish cannot swim through grates, but grates still allow water through. However, beware [[Grate#Bugs|the bug with flow and ''wall'' grates]] - taking water via U-shaped tunnel capped with ''floor'' grates may be safer. If you use a completely isolated smooth reservoir filled with [[pump]]-filtered water, it may still need protection, since the dwarf operating a pump stands right next to its water source tile.
Placing floor grates over the river or channel may also protect dwarves by preventing them from falling in.

[[Carp]] and other non-[[vermin]] fish suffocate if they are not in water, so in some situations it might be possible to pump the water out of a lake or pond. Conversely, an open water body (river or sea) not only cannot be subjected to temporary drainage, but even if there isn't anything dangerous right now, it may arrive later.

=== Animal Training ===
{{main|Animal Training}}
[[File:animaltraining_medium_icon.png|right]]An animal training zone allows [[Animal trainer|animal training]]. Animals cannot be trained, unless they are in a training zone or [[pasture]], or on a [[restraint]]. To be tamed, they must be in a [[cage]].

For making an animal training zone, it is advisable to create a small room with a [[Door|tightly shut door]]. The training zone should be combined with a pasture to keep in wild animals. This will make sure your animals don't escape when they are not being trained.

=== Dungeon ===
{{main|Jail}}
[[File:dungeon_medium_icon.png|right]]A dungeon is a room designed for [[justice|dwarven justice]]; and in each room, there must be 1 metal [[cage]] or a [[Restraint|rope/chain]]. Once the prisoner is selected to be imprisoned via the justice screen. the [[fortress guard]]/[[sheriff]] will chain or lock the creature in the selected chain or cage. The prisoner will continuously generate a bad thought while being imprisoned. so with some micromanagement, you can save the poor innocent [[cheese maker]] who violated the [[mayor]]'s export ban, from being overly stressed out, by deconstructing the chain as soon as they were chained up. A chain is recommended over a cage, as the chained up creature can still have access to the 8 tiles adjacent to the chain, granting them access to bed, food stockpile, chair and table, as well as allowing the prisoner to admire the chain if they were made from valuable metal like [[gold]] and [[platinum]]. While a caged prisoner is fully dependent on idle dwarves to deliver them food and drink (and only water instead of alcohol are delivered!). So they are more likely to starve to death than chained prisoners (provided you designate a food & drink stockpile within that can be reached by the chained prisoner). Plus, sleeping on a cage floor is, as expected, [[Stress|not very pleasant]].

=== Tomb ===
{{main|Tomb}}
[[File:tomb_medium_icon.png|right]]A tomb is designated to a specific dwarf, or a pet's corpse, to be buried or memorialized in order to prevent the appearance of [[ghosts]]. A tomb zone can only accommodate one dwarf. The primary function of tombs is to keep nobles happy: certain nobles demand their own tomb, and the more self-important the noble is, the higher the quality they will require. In some circumstances a noble will get an unhappy thought if an "inferior" dwarf has a higher-quality tomb, however it is unclear what quality threshold the tomb must be to trigger the thought. Also, a noble that demands a tomb also generates a bad thought at the end of every year if the tomb is yet to be built for them, or did not reach their [[Room value|desired rank]]. Nobles may also store certain favored objects in their tombs. It is unclear on how the game considers a dwarf to be properly buried in a tomb if they have multiple lost body parts, like teeth.

=== Fishing ===
[[File:fishing_medium_icon.png|right]]Dwarves will preferably use these zones when [[fishing]], using them up until their supply is exhausted before moving on to the next water source. As with water sources, only tiles ''adjacent'' to water qualify as usable tiles. Far-flung fisherdwarves fishing in a distant [[river]] or [[pool]] are a serious defensive liability in case of an attack, so designating a safer fishing zone and, optionally, restricting non-zone fishing in the [[standing orders]] menu will help keep your fisherdwarves safe. Dwarves can fish through a [[grate]] or even a [[well]], provided there is water in the tile 1 z-level below the activity zone.

The [[Captured live fish|capture live fish]] job can ''only'' be carried out at a designated fishing zone.

=== Gather Fruit ===
[[File:gather_medium_icon.png|right]]This will automate plant-gathering jobs in this area, necessary if you want your dwarves to collect fruit from the floor or trees. If there are fruit-bearing trees in the designated area, a dwarf will fetch a [[stepladder]] to climb into the tree. The ladder-using dwarf will drop harvested fruit to the ground for others to collect and haul. The details can be set in a sub-menu.

=== Sand collection ===
{{main|Glass industry#Collecting sand}}
[[File:sandpit_medium_icon.png|right]]A '''sand collection''' zone allows dwarves with the [[item hauling]] labor active to fill an unused [[bag]] with [[sand]] for use in the [[glass industry]]. The 'collect sand' task is created at a [[glass furnace]].

=== Clay collection ===
{{main|Ceramic industry#Clay collection}}
[[File:claypit_medium_icon.png|right]]A '''clay collection''' zone allows dwarves with the [[item hauling]] labor active to create [[clay]] for use in the [[ceramic industry]]. The 'collect clay' task is created at a [[kiln]].

== Quality and value ==

Most dwarves don't have high expectations when it comes to rooms - a communal [[dining room]] and [[dormitory]] are enough for the general populace, though making that dining room high-quality and giving them individual quarters will give them happy [[thoughts]], helping to avoid [[tantrum]]s.
[[Nobles]], on the other hand, require rooms of a particular minimum quality that contain certain [[furniture]]. Not meeting these demands will cause [[Emotion|stressful thoughts]], and may prevent them from functioning at their full capacity.
The thoughts generated by more impressive zones will have a stronger stress–relieving value than the thoughts generated by plain or unimpressive zones.

{| class = "wikitable unsortable" style="margin:auto;"
|-
! Bedroom name
! Dining room name
! Office Name
! Grave Name
! Numeric Value
|-
| Meager Quarters
| Meager Dining Room
| Meager Office
| Grave
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Modest Quarters
| Modest Dining Room
| Modest Office
| Servant's Burial Chamber
| style="text-align:right;" | 100
|-
| Quarters
| Dining Room
| Office
| Burial Chamber
| style="text-align:right;" | 250
|-
| Decent Quarters
| Decent Dining Room
| Decent Office
| Tomb
| style="text-align:right;" | 500
|-
| Fine Quarters
| Fine Dining Room
| Splendid Office
| Fine Tomb
| style="text-align:right;" | 1000
|-
| Great Bedroom
| Great Dining Room
| Throne Room
| Mausoleum
| style="text-align:right;" | 1500
|-
| Grand Bedroom
| Grand Dining Room
| Opulent Throne Room
| Grand Mausoleum
| style="text-align:right;" | 2500
|-
| Royal Bedroom
| Royal Dining Room
| Royal Throne Room
| Royal Mausoleum
| style="text-align:right;" | 10000
|}
Note: unassigned (or communal) rooms may be referenced by other descriptors, such as the happy thought "... dined in a legendary dining room ...".

: (* See forum thread{{cite forum|124938.msg4169446#msg4169446}} for full discussion)

=== What counts towards room value ===

Room value can be loosely-split in to 3 categories: furniture (everything that is a placeable object goes here, including doors), walls, and floors

A room's furniture value is calculated by counting every item of furniture in the room and adding all their values up. Due to the quality-value nerf in v50, furniture is a less effective way to pump up a room's value.

[[Display furniture]] counts towards room value. However, the items ''displayed in it'' only count if the dwarf has a preference for them. So if your king likes [[sword]]s then any sword in a display case will count towards room value, and any [[crossbow]], no matter how valuable, won't.

Wall and floor values are also calculated by adding all the individual tiles of walls and floor, but first we have to calculate the individual values.

=== Value calculation ===
The formula for calculating this value has changed significantly from prior versions of Dwarf Fortress. Thanks to research by TBTerra{{cite reddit|zzqlfu}}, the new formula has been discovered (and included here with only minor edits).

* '''Material value''' - The value given to an item, floor, wall etc due to the material it is made from. ''Common material types:'' Natural spaces like sky, water, or magma are 1, wood is 1, rocks are 1–3, ores/metals are 2–40, gems are 2–60
* '''Pre v50 quality multiplier''' - This is still used in some places.
* '''Current quality multiplier''' - This is used for items.
* '''Quality bonus''' - a flat bonus added after the multiplier.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; margin:auto;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2" | Quality
! colspan="2" | Quality multiplier
! rowspan="2" | Quality bonus
|- style="text-align:center;"
! Pre v50
! Current
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | -well crafted-
| 2
| 1.1
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | +finely crafted+
| 3
| 1.2
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | *superior*
| 4
| 4/3 ≈ 1.3
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ≡exceptional≡
| 5
| 1.5
| 15
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ☼masterful☼
| 12
| 2.0
| 30
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | Artifact
| 120
| 20.0
| 300
|}

=== Values of floor tiles ===

The value of an individual floor tile depends on if it's the original cave floor, a smoothed cave floor, or a placed floor. Placed floors have the highest value of the three types of floor.

;raw cave floor
:1 × material value
;Smooth cave floor
:4 × material value
;placed cave floor
:7 × material value

Additionally if the floor is engraved you add an extra 10 × material value × old quality multiplier.

=== Values of wall tiles ===

Again value depends on whether its original stone, smoothed stone, or placed wall. (Boulders, bars, and blocks of the same material type all have the same value.)

;original wall
:1 × material value
;smoothed wall
:5 × material value
;placed wall
:9 × material value

Engraving with walls is slightly complex. In order for an engraved wall to add its engraving to the room value, the room must contain both the wall itself and the location the engraver was standing when it was engraved. This means that an engraved wall shared between two zones will only add its value to one of those zones.

The value of a wall engraving is 10 × old quality multiplier × material value.

=== Overlapping Rooms ===
[[File:overlapping_zones_preview.png]]{{clear}}
When room designations such that they share floor tiles, the label of some zones in that same area will be renamed to "Overlapping (Zone)" in red text. When selecting an overlapped area, the player is able to select the zone layers with clickable arrows on either side of the zone name. Zones in this state have their values set to 0{{cite reddit|13097u3/comment/jhwgm0e}}. There is no difference in value between a piece of furniture shared by two rooms, or by forty.

Sharing walls is fine however, and sharing doors is allowed as long as the room contains a wall adjacent to the door. When sharing a door, the floor tile it is on is also shared.

[[Locations]] have individual values and are therefore not affected by overlapping zones (eg. A ''Dining Hall/Tavern'' overlapping a ''Meeting Hall/Temple'' will have both Dining and Meeting halls value to 0, but the Temple and the Tavern will share the same values{{cite forum|181632.msg8475740#msg8475740}}.

=== Building optimally (assuming you don't have infinite resources) ===

If you are limited on your high-value materials (or have lots of rooms you wish to improve) and don't want to abuse wall sharing or other glitches, here's how best to use those high value mats:

# Use your high-value materials on floor tiles, not furniture. A decently-engraved floor has a value of 37–57 × material value; the only thing that gets close to that is the mechanisms in levers.
# The floors of doors that go between rooms you wish to increase are of particular importance as they will count for both rooms.
# Engravings are tedious to redo (For a natural floor, you will need to carve tracks and smooth over before re-engraving. For constructed floors, you will need to build a wall, then carve fortifications, remove the fortification and replace the floor). To minimize the extra work of redoing engravings, leave your highest-value tiles to be done by your most experienced engraver so they will have a high quality on the first try.

=== Abusing game mechanics to boost room value with non-contiguous rooms ===

Since version 50, there is nothing that requires a room to be a single connected piece. This, combined with wall sharing, allows for some… less than fair cheesing of platinum walls that are somehow owned by every single bedroom. And with a trick in the “how to break room value” section, you can have every room royal quality for as little as 4 platinum and 6 basic wood/stone

=== Breaking room value ===

So you don’t care about using glitches and non–contiguous rooms. Here’s the way you break room value with minimal effort and resources:

# Make a line of wall with a 1 tile gap on either side (if your engravers are really good this might only need to be 2–3 long).
# Make the lines of floor either side of this wall out of the most valuable material you can (aluminum or platinum are great, steel and gold also work), and have your best engraver engrave them.
# Place doors on top of all those engraved tiles, what sort doesn’t really matter, as they will be adding 10–100 value to 2–3k value floor tiles.
# For every room add the doors and the wall (this is a convenient rectangle). The wall makes the doors shareable, and the doors make the engraved floor shareable.
# For optimal results hide this to the south east of your area, otherwise the zone icons can get rather confusing.

You can also assign arbitrary stretches of space on the same z level, such as sky, magma, or water, as part of the zone to increase value. Because the standard 4×4 embark contains 192×192=36864 tiles, each with a value of one, designating one entire z level of sky would instantly create a royal quality zone.

{{Zones}}
{{V50 menus}}
{{Category|Fortress mode}}
{{Category|Zones}}
[[ru:Zones]]

Hauling

2023-09-15T21:47:35Z

Magistrum: Forgot the migrated article disclaimer. It is good for this release now.

{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
{{buggy}}

[[File:carry_dwarf.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Even carved horn dwarves are busy.]]'''Hauling''' is the process of carrying an object to a new location. Objects being carried by a creature will show up in the creature's inventory as "Hauled". There are several specific hauling [[labor]]s, based on the type(s) of items to be moved; these labors may be enabled or disabled on dwarves as needed. Note that hauling tasks can be modified by [[burrow]]s, [[standing orders]], and item state (in use or [[forbid]]den). Most types of hauling can be paused by disabling them on the standing orders(''{{k|y}}: Labor -> Standing Orders tab -> Hauling).

In popular usage, the term '''hauler''' refers to a dwarf in [[fortress mode]] who has no labors enabled other than hauling. In large fortresses where there may be great distances for haulers to travel, individual hauling tasks may take a long time to complete. Using dedicated haulers allows specialist dwarves to spend more time in their [[workshop]]s, instead of dragging raw materials or finished products around. Haulers are good candidates for [[cross-training]] to help improve their strength and agility [[attributes]], which are important when moving heavy objects across a fortress quickly. (Ironically, hauling does not train attributes itself.)

To improve the efficiency of hauling items to [[stockpile]]s, [[container]]s, [[minecart]]s, and [[wheelbarrow]]s can be employed. Note, however, that due to a number of outstanding bugs, there are a few cases where these tools ''decrease'' efficiency; see [[#Bugs|Bugs]] for more information.

== Automatic hauling ==
Some hauling tasks do not require any hauling [[labor]]:
* A dwarf working at a workshop will gather the raw materials needed to produce wanted goods. However, produced goods require the appropriate hauling [[labor]] to be moved out of the workshop in order to avoid [[clutter]]. Dwarves producing goods at a workshop tend to keep producing them and will not necessarily clear their own workshops of clutter even when they have the appropriate hauling labor enabled.
* A [[mood|moody]] dwarf will gather the raw materials needed for a mysterious construction.
* A dwarf {{k|b}}uilding something will move the needed materials to the construction site.
** Before a dwarf will build something, he will need to have the appropriate labor as specified by the task. If the dwarf is building a chair or similar, the dwarf needs Furniture Hauling; if the dwarf is building a wooden wall, it's Building Construction, and so forth. Workshops are usually constructed by any dwarf that can work in that workshop.
** A dwarf will clear the tiles where he/she builds from all scattered objects ('''stone !!!''') before starting the build
* A [[herbalist]] will haul any successfully-gathered plant to a stockpile immediately, if there is space available in one. They also pick up and move [[stepladder]]s around as necessary.
* Dwarves in the midst of eating will carry their meal to a table. Military dwarves, however, will eat directly off of the floor.{{verify}}
* Dwarves who have just finished drinking booze will return their barrel to the nearest food stockpile.
* If you have the "All dwarves harvest" option turned on, all dwarves will help bring in the harvest, even if they don't have Food Hauling enabled.
* Various medical tasks such as bringing injured dwarves food or water, dressing wounds, and so forth have their own labors associated with them and do not require hauling.

== Stone hauling ==
Dwarves with the stone hauling [[labor]] enabled will haul [[stone]]s and [[ore]]s to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s.

Note: Boulders left behind by digging are incredibly heavy, making hauling them by hand long distances a very time-consuming job. A dwarf may spend weeks carrying just one [[cinnabar]] boulder. See the section on [[Stone management]] for tips on combating this problem.

== Wood hauling ==
Dwarves with the wood hauling [[labor]] enabled will haul wood [[log]]s to the corresponding [[stockpile]]s. This job usually entails leaving the fortress to get the logs felled on the outside, possibly exposing dwarves to [[Animals|fauna]], [[invaders]] and [[Cave adaptation|sunlight]], so you may wish to bar important dwarves from performing this task.

== Item hauling ==
Dwarves with the item hauling [[labor]] will haul miscellaneous items like blocks and collect [[sand]] for a [[glass furnace]] or [[clay]] for a [[kiln]]. Finished goods (such as crafted goods) and [[gem]]s (both rough and cut) are also considered Items.

Stone blocks are also moved using the item hauling labor.

== Food hauling ==
Dwarves with the food hauling [[labor]] will haul food and drinks to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s.

== Refuse hauling ==
Dwarves with the refuse hauling [[labor]] will haul rotting food, and non-dwarf bodyparts to refuse [[stockpile]]s. They will also [[dump]] marked items to the appropriate garbage [[activity zone]]. This job usually entails dealing with dead bodies and leaving the fortress to get the deceased's body on the outside, possibly exposing dwarves to [[Stress|trauma]], [[Animals|fauna]], [[invaders]], and [[Cave adaptation|sunlight]], so you may wish to bar important or depression-prone dwarves from performing this task. Refuse hauling is subject to standing orders (''{{k|y}}: Labor -> Standing Orders tab -> Refuse and Dumping).

It is possible to use standing orders to forbid all the dead's bodies and items on death, to prevent haulers from running into an active confrontation. Remember to claim they back later when it's safe using the 'designate item' tool({{k|i}}), or the bodies will be left to rot.

== Burial ==
Dwarves with the burial [[labor]] will haul dwarf and pet [[corpse]]s and bodyparts to corpse [[stockpile]]s or [[coffin]]s. This job usually entails dealing with dead bodies and leaving the fortress to get the deceased's body on the outside, possibly exposing dwarves to [[Stress|trauma]], [[Animals|fauna]], [[invaders]], and [[Cave adaptation|sunlight]], so you may wish to bar important or depression-prone dwarves from performing this task. Burial items are subject to standing orders (''{{k|y}}: Labor -> Standing Orders tab -> Sieges and forbidding).

It is possible to use standing orders to forbid all the dead's bodies and items on death, to prevent haulers from running into an active confrontation. Remember to claim they back later when it's safe using the 'designate item' tool({{k|i}}), or the bodies will be left to rot.

== Furniture hauling ==
Dwarves with the furniture hauling [[labor]] will haul [[furniture]] to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s. They will also '''{{k|b}}uild''' simple furniture items ([[bed]]s, [[chair]]s, [[table]]s, etc.).

== Animal hauling ==
Dwarves with the animal hauling [[labor]] will haul [[animal trap]]s and occupied [[cage]]s to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s, and lead uncaged animals to [[pasture]]s and other destinations. Animal hauling isn't required for jobs such as shearing, butchering or milking animals.

Wild or hostile animals require both animal hauling and [[animal training]] labors to move to a [[cage]] or [[chain]].{{bug|8080}}

== Trade good hauling ==
Dwarves with the Trade Good hauling [[labor]] will bring goods to the [[Trade depot|depot]].

== Water hauling ==
Dwarves with the water hauling [[labor]] will fill pits and ponds.

== Tips and issues ==
In order to minimize hauling trips, stockpiles should be placed with care.
* Input and output stockpiles should be placed near corresponding [[workshop]]s. Consider proximity of input stockpiles to be about an order of magnitude more important; a working dwarf wastes time to get his own material, but having some haulers is enough to take care of moving the product.
* Construction preparation: when constructing something big away from your fort (e.g. a road), the dwarf assigned to the construction will have to carry each item from your fort to the construction location, which can take a long time. By putting stockpiles near your construction project, many dwarves may participate in the hauling, thus dramatically increasing construction speed. Note that materials are allocated at the time of building, so be sure the stockpile is filled before placing the construction order, otherwise the materials will still have to come from afar.
*Consider specializing your haulers if possible - food haulers that orbit around the kitchen/dining room/farm area, stone haulers that orbit around the mines and furnaces, and (if possible/needed) wood haulers that do likewise with the carpenter shop. Turn off refuse hauling if that dwarf isn't going to be near areas likely to have refuse. This keeps the mine hauler from deciding to walk aaaallll the way over to the kitchens for one load, and then out to the forest for one, and then back to the smelters, and so on.
*Furthermore, you can handpick your specialized hauler, selecting them by their attributes. A wood hauler might be chosen because of his agility, since he might have to walk a lot of tiles to reach the forest, depending on the fortress and map layout. A stone hauler, on the other hand, might be chosen because of her strength so that she can pick up and carry heavy stones (such as [[gold]] and [[platinum]]) more quickly.
*The [[Grower]] profession can have a ''huge'' impact on hauling - see [[farming]] for a discussion.
*If you create a loop of [[stockpile]]s giving to each other (i.e. creating a circle A->B->C->A), your dwarves will spend their entire time hauling.
* [[Wheelbarrow]]s can significantly reduce the time needed to move heavy goods like stone and ore. [[Minecart]] tracks and systems, while time-consuming to set up, can drastically cut down hauling times for some purposes, such as moving furniture from magma forges to a central stockpile.

=== Backlogs ===
To ensure that high-priority hauling tasks (like food), to clean up after get done quickly, you should employ a large number of haulers. This is most important for food hauling, where [[prepared meal]]s in the [[kitchen]] often rot while your dwarves are hauling individual seeds left behind after someone eats a plump helmet, or if your hunters bring a herd of animals in for your [[butcher]]s all at once.

==Bugs==

* Hauling jobs block access to all the items in the destination containers until the hauling is complete. This often results in cancellation spam and work delays.{{bug|9004}} One workaround is creating a "feeder stockpile" with containers disabled.

*Wheelbarrows are only used to haul stone '''to''' a stockpile and limits the number of active hauling jobs to the number of available wheelbarrows. see [[Wheelbarrow]] for details.

*If a dwarf is hauling an item when the destination becomes unreachable the dwarf will spam job cancellation messages repeatedly.{{bug|597}} [[Forbid]]ding the item in inventory will clear up the problem.

{{Category|Jobs}}
{{Labors}}

[[Category:Current]]
[[ru:Hauling]]

Hauling

2023-09-15T21:31:39Z

Magistrum: Removed jokes and meandering text outside of "D" for Dwarf sections, removed mentions of job priority behaviors no longer present on .50.08, changed phrasing that could discourage new players from using stockpile tools at all. Adapted sections on wheelbarrows to reflect that wheelbarrows now carry only stones and share tiles with items in stockpiles.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
{{buggy}}

[[File:carry_dwarf.jpg|thumb|170px|right|Even carved horn dwarves are busy.]]'''Hauling''' is the process of carrying an object to a new location. Objects being carried by a creature will show up in the creature's inventory as "Hauled". There are several specific hauling [[labor]]s, based on the type(s) of items to be moved; these labors may be enabled or disabled on dwarves as needed. Note that hauling tasks can be modified by [[burrow]]s, [[standing orders]], and item state (in use or [[forbid]]den). Most types of hauling can be paused by disabling them on the standing orders(''{{k|y}}: Labor -> Standing Orders tab -> Hauling).

In popular usage, the term '''hauler''' refers to a dwarf in [[fortress mode]] who has no labors enabled other than hauling. In large fortresses where there may be great distances for haulers to travel, individual hauling tasks may take a long time to complete. Using dedicated haulers allows specialist dwarves to spend more time in their [[workshop]]s, instead of dragging raw materials or finished products around. Haulers are good candidates for [[cross-training]] to help improve their strength and agility [[attributes]], which are important when moving heavy objects across a fortress quickly. (Ironically, hauling does not train attributes itself.)

To improve the efficiency of hauling items to [[stockpile]]s, [[container]]s, [[minecart]]s, and [[wheelbarrow]]s can be employed. Note, however, that due to a number of outstanding bugs, there are a few cases where these tools ''decrease'' efficiency; see [[#Bugs|Bugs]] for more information.

== Automatic hauling ==
Some hauling tasks do not require any hauling [[labor]]:
* A dwarf working at a workshop will gather the raw materials needed to produce wanted goods. However, produced goods require the appropriate hauling [[labor]] to be moved out of the workshop in order to avoid [[clutter]]. Dwarves producing goods at a workshop tend to keep producing them and will not necessarily clear their own workshops of clutter even when they have the appropriate hauling labor enabled.
* A [[mood|moody]] dwarf will gather the raw materials needed for a mysterious construction.
* A dwarf {{k|b}}uilding something will move the needed materials to the construction site.
** Before a dwarf will build something, he will need to have the appropriate labor as specified by the task. If the dwarf is building a chair or similar, the dwarf needs Furniture Hauling; if the dwarf is building a wooden wall, it's Building Construction, and so forth. Workshops are usually constructed by any dwarf that can work in that workshop.
** A dwarf will clear the tiles where he/she builds from all scattered objects ('''stone !!!''') before starting the build
* A [[herbalist]] will haul any successfully-gathered plant to a stockpile immediately, if there is space available in one. They also pick up and move [[stepladder]]s around as necessary.
* Dwarves in the midst of eating will carry their meal to a table. Military dwarves, however, will eat directly off of the floor.{{verify}}
* Dwarves who have just finished drinking booze will return their barrel to the nearest food stockpile.
* If you have the "All dwarves harvest" option turned on, all dwarves will help bring in the harvest, even if they don't have Food Hauling enabled.
* Various medical tasks such as bringing injured dwarves food or water, dressing wounds, and so forth have their own labors associated with them and do not require hauling.

== Stone hauling ==
Dwarves with the stone hauling [[labor]] enabled will haul [[stone]]s and [[ore]]s to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s.

Note: Boulders left behind by digging are incredibly heavy, making hauling them by hand long distances a very time-consuming job. A dwarf may spend weeks carrying just one [[cinnabar]] boulder. See the section on [[Stone management]] for tips on combating this problem.

== Wood hauling ==
Dwarves with the wood hauling [[labor]] enabled will haul wood [[log]]s to the corresponding [[stockpile]]s. This job usually entails leaving the fortress to get the logs felled on the outside, possibly exposing dwarves to [[Animals|fauna]], [[invaders]] and [[Cave adaptation|sunlight]], so you may wish to bar important dwarves from performing this task.

== Item hauling ==
Dwarves with the item hauling [[labor]] will haul miscellaneous items like blocks and collect [[sand]] for a [[glass furnace]] or [[clay]] for a [[kiln]]. Finished goods (such as crafted goods) and [[gem]]s (both rough and cut) are also considered Items.

Stone blocks are also moved using the item hauling labor.

== Food hauling ==
Dwarves with the food hauling [[labor]] will haul food and drinks to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s.

== Refuse hauling ==
Dwarves with the refuse hauling [[labor]] will haul rotting food, and non-dwarf bodyparts to refuse [[stockpile]]s. They will also [[dump]] marked items to the appropriate garbage [[activity zone]]. This job usually entails dealing with dead bodies and leaving the fortress to get the deceased's body on the outside, possibly exposing dwarves to [[Stress|trauma]], [[Animals|fauna]], [[invaders]], and [[Cave adaptation|sunlight]], so you may wish to bar important or depression-prone dwarves from performing this task. Refuse hauling is subject to standing orders (''{{k|y}}: Labor -> Standing Orders tab -> Refuse and Dumping).

It is possible to use standing orders to forbid all the dead's bodies and items on death, to prevent haulers from running into an active confrontation. Remember to claim they back later when it's safe using the 'designate item' tool({{k|i}}), or the bodies will be left to rot.

== Burial ==
Dwarves with the burial [[labor]] will haul dwarf and pet [[corpse]]s and bodyparts to corpse [[stockpile]]s or [[coffin]]s. This job usually entails dealing with dead bodies and leaving the fortress to get the deceased's body on the outside, possibly exposing dwarves to [[Stress|trauma]], [[Animals|fauna]], [[invaders]], and [[Cave adaptation|sunlight]], so you may wish to bar important or depression-prone dwarves from performing this task. Burial items are subject to standing orders (''{{k|y}}: Labor -> Standing Orders tab -> Sieges and forbidding).

It is possible to use standing orders to forbid all the dead's bodies and items on death, to prevent haulers from running into an active confrontation. Remember to claim they back later when it's safe using the 'designate item' tool({{k|i}}), or the bodies will be left to rot.

== Furniture hauling ==
Dwarves with the furniture hauling [[labor]] will haul [[furniture]] to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s. They will also '''{{k|b}}uild''' simple furniture items ([[bed]]s, [[chair]]s, [[table]]s, etc.).

== Animal hauling ==
Dwarves with the animal hauling [[labor]] will haul [[animal trap]]s and occupied [[cage]]s to the appropriate [[stockpile]]s, and lead uncaged animals to [[pasture]]s and other destinations. Animal hauling isn't required for jobs such as shearing, butchering or milking animals.

Wild or hostile animals require both animal hauling and [[animal training]] labors to move to a [[cage]] or [[chain]].{{bug|8080}}

== Trade good hauling ==
Dwarves with the Trade Good hauling [[labor]] will bring goods to the [[Trade depot|depot]].

== Water hauling ==
Dwarves with the water hauling [[labor]] will fill pits and ponds.

== Tips and issues ==
In order to minimize hauling trips, stockpiles should be placed with care.
* Input and output stockpiles should be placed near corresponding [[workshop]]s. Consider proximity of input stockpiles to be about an order of magnitude more important; a working dwarf wastes time to get his own material, but having some haulers is enough to take care of moving the product.
* Construction preparation: when constructing something big away from your fort (e.g. a road), the dwarf assigned to the construction will have to carry each item from your fort to the construction location, which can take a long time. By putting stockpiles near your construction project, many dwarves may participate in the hauling, thus dramatically increasing construction speed. Note that materials are allocated at the time of building, so be sure the stockpile is filled before placing the construction order, otherwise the materials will still have to come from afar.
*Consider specializing your haulers if possible - food haulers that orbit around the kitchen/dining room/farm area, stone haulers that orbit around the mines and furnaces, and (if possible/needed) wood haulers that do likewise with the carpenter shop. Turn off refuse hauling if that dwarf isn't going to be near areas likely to have refuse. This keeps the mine hauler from deciding to walk aaaallll the way over to the kitchens for one load, and then out to the forest for one, and then back to the smelters, and so on.
*Furthermore, you can handpick your specialized hauler, selecting them by their attributes. A wood hauler might be chosen because of his agility, since he might have to walk a lot of tiles to reach the forest, depending on the fortress and map layout. A stone hauler, on the other hand, might be chosen because of her strength so that she can pick up and carry heavy stones (such as [[gold]] and [[platinum]]) more quickly.
*The [[Grower]] profession can have a ''huge'' impact on hauling - see [[farming]] for a discussion.
*If you create a loop of [[stockpile]]s giving to each other (i.e. creating a circle A->B->C->A), your dwarves will spend their entire time hauling.
* [[Wheelbarrow]]s can significantly reduce the time needed to move heavy goods like stone and ore. [[Minecart]] tracks and systems, while time-consuming to set up, can drastically cut down hauling times for some purposes, such as moving furniture from magma forges to a central stockpile.

=== Backlogs ===
To ensure that high-priority hauling tasks (like food), to clean up after get done quickly, you should employ a large number of haulers. This is most important for food hauling, where [[prepared meal]]s in the [[kitchen]] often rot while your dwarves are hauling individual seeds left behind after someone eats a plump helmet, or if your hunters bring a herd of animals in for your [[butcher]]s all at once.

==Bugs==

* Hauling jobs block access to all the items in the destination containers until the hauling is complete. This often results in cancellation spam and work delays.{{bug|9004}} One workaround is creating a "feeder stockpile" with containers disabled.

*Wheelbarrows are only used to haul stone '''to''' a stockpile and limits the number of active hauling jobs to the number of available wheelbarrows. see [[Wheelbarrow]] for details.

*If a dwarf is hauling an item when the destination becomes unreachable the dwarf will spam job cancellation messages repeatedly.{{bug|597}} [[Forbid]]ding the item in inventory will clear up the problem.

{{Category|Jobs}}
{{Labors}}

[[Category:Current]]
[[ru:Hauling]]

Wheelbarrow

2023-09-15T17:39:21Z

Magistrum: Updated to reflect that in the current release wheelbarrows carry exclusively stone. Remove references to legacy keyboard system (╥﹏╥)

{{Quality|Superior|20:09, 17 February 2023 (CST)}}
{{av}}{{buggy}}

[[File:wheelbarrow_sprite_preview.png|right]]A '''wheelbarrow''' is a [[tool]] used to increase the speed of [[hauling]] stone. Wheelbarrows can be made of [[metal]] or [[wood]] at a [[metalsmith's forge]] or [[carpenter's workshop]], and can carry a single [[boulder]] left behind from mining. This is equivalent to one fifth of a [[minecart]]'s capacity.

== Construction ==
Wheelbarrows are constructed of either wood or metal:

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; background:#F9F9F9; border:1px #AAA solid"
|- style="background: #F9F9F9"
! Material !! Worker !! Workshop
|- style="background: #F2F2F2"
| [[Wood]] (1 log) || [[Carpenter]] || [[Carpenter's workshop]]
|- style="background: #F2F2F2"
| [[Metal]] (2 bars) || [[Metal crafter]] || [[Metalsmith's forge]] or [[Magma forge]]
|}

== Utility ==
[[File:De re metallica 1556-085.png|thumb|Dwarven wheelbarrows are sturdy and practical.]]
Stone stockpiles have 1 wheelbarrow automatically assigned upon designation, though any stockpile can have wheelbarrows assigned in the stockpile ({{k|p}}) settings menu in the "Storage and tools" submenu (barrel icon), which will be used to haul stone in multi-item custom stockpiles. Wheelbarrows will be stored in their assigned stockpile when not in use, potentially sharing a tile with a stockpiled item. A stockpile's wheelbarrows are only used to carry items ''to'' that stockpile; they will not be used to carry items away ''from'' it.

Dwarves carrying items in wheelbarrows ignore the weight of the contents, moving always at their top speed. This makes them particularly useful for hauling heavy items like stone, which slow haulers a lot.

Wheelbarrows carry less stuff than [[minecart]]s, but do not require a track to be preconstructed, and can go up and down stairs.

If wheelbarrows are assigned to a stone stockpile, dwarves will haul items to that stockpile only via wheelbarrow, waiting for one to become available to start hauling. If you set wheelbarrows at your stockpile to 0, all haulers may carry stones there, but will do it by hand, which is painfully slow work when long distances are involved.

If wheelbarrows are assigned to a custom stockpile accepting both stone and other items, the wheelbarrows will be used to haul only stone, in the same manner as with a stone stockpile, while other items will be hauled by hand.

== Forging and Melting ==
* Metal wheelbarrows cost '''two''' [[metal]] bars or '''six''' [[adamantine]] wafers to forge.
* When a metal wheelbarrow is melted down, it will return '''1.8''' metal bars for an efficiency of '''90%''', or '''1.8''' wafers for an efficiency of '''30%'''.

== Bugs ==
* If all of a stockpile's tiles are occupied by wheelbarrows, it will stop requesting new items even though the tiles under the wheelbarrows have no stockpiled item. Consequently, stockpiles need to have more tiles than wheelbarrows to work correctly.{{bug|8861}}

* Items can occasionally be left inside a wheelbarrow, causing the wheelbarrow to become unusable. This can cause a stockpile to stop collecting stone if all of its wheelbarrows end up in this state{{bug|6074}} You can work around this by marking the contents of the wheelbarrow for dumping.

* Dwarves carry wheelbarrows instead of pushing them when the wheelbarrows themselves are being hauled.{{bug|6008}}

{{D for Dwarf}}
When they push an empty wheelbarrow, any dwarf walking by will jump in and demand a ride. To avoid this, the decision was made long ago that empty wheelbarrows must be carried to avoid elvish-type laziness.

{{Gamedata|{{raw|DF2014:item_tool.txt|ITEM_TOOL|ITEM_TOOL_WHEELBARROW}}}}

{{Category|Items}}

[[ru:Wheelbarrow]]

Duke

2023-09-11T01:23:37Z

Magistrum: Removed section describing earlier versions' requirements, put the new requirements on the infobox.

{{migrated article}}
{{Noble
| noble=Duke
| quarters=Grand Bedroom
| dining=Grand Dining Room
| office=Opulent Throne Room
| tomb=Grand Mausoleum
| chests=5
| cabinets=3
| racks=3
| stands=3
| mandates=3
| demands=5
| arrival=
* 20 Population
* 300 000☼ Produced [[wealth]]
* 30 000☼ Exported [[wealth]]
| function=
* Promote [[fortress]] to Duchy capital
* Appoints a [[Champion]]
}}{{av}}
The '''Duke''' (or Duchess) is the next step up from a [[Count]]. Your county becomes a duchy after satisfying certain requirements and meeting with the [[liaison]]; once the liaison leaves the map, your [[Count]] will be promoted. As with the upgrade to a County, this is automatic and cannot be rejected.

{{D for Dwarf}}
Dukes are aggressive military commanders, but not fond of taking casualties; if a goblin siege or a megabeast shows up, they'll be happiest if you skip dwarf-to-dwarf combat and [[Megaproject|nuke 'em]]. Keep them well supplied with chewing gum, and far away from your fort's donkeys.

{{gamedata| [POSITION:DUKE]
[NAME_MALE:duke:dukes]
[NAME_FEMALE:duchess:duchesses]
[SPOUSE_MALE:duke consort:dukes consort]
[SPOUSE_FEMALE:duchess consort:duchesses consort]
[NUMBER:AS_NEEDED]
[LAND_HOLDER:3]
[LAND_NAME:a duchy]
[RESPONSIBILITY:LAW_MAKING]
[RESPONSIBILITY:RECEIVE_DIPLOMATS]
[SUCCESSION:BY_HEIR]
[APPOINTED_BY:MONARCH]
[PRECEDENCE:20]
[SPECIAL_BURIAL]
[MENIAL_WORK_EXEMPTION]
[MENIAL_WORK_EXEMPTION_SPOUSE]
[SLEEP_PRETENSION]
[PUNISHMENT_EXEMPTION]
[FLASHES]
[BRAG_ON_KILL]
[CHAT_WORTHY]
[DO_NOT_CULL]
[KILL_QUEST]
[COLOR:5:0:0]
[ACCOUNT_EXEMPT]
[DUTY_BOUND]
[DEMAND_MAX:5]
[MANDATE_MAX:3]
[REQUIRED_BOXES:5]
[REQUIRED_CABINETS:3]
[REQUIRED_RACKS:3]
[REQUIRED_STANDS:3]
[REQUIRED_OFFICE:2500]
[REQUIRED_BEDROOM:2500]
[REQUIRED_DINING:2500]
[REQUIRED_TOMB:2500]}}
{{nobles}}
{{Category|Aristocrats}}

Count

2023-09-11T01:21:46Z

Magistrum: Removed section describing earlier versions' requirements, put the new requirements on the infobox.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{Noble
| noble= Count
| office= Throne Room
| quarters= Great Bedroom
| dining= Great Dining Room
| tomb= Mausoleum
| chests=3
| cabinets=2
| racks=2
| stands=2
| mandates=2
| demands=3
| arrival=
* 20 Population
* 200 000☼ Produced [[wealth]]
* 20 000☼ Exported [[wealth]]
| function=
* Promote [[fortress]] to County
* Appoints a [[Champion]]
}}{{av}}

The position of '''count''' is the next step up from [[baron]]; once a player achieves certain requirements the [[outpost liaison]] will announce the elevation to a county, and when the liaison leaves the map the promotion will become official. In other words, lands must be a barony before they can be a county. Unlike with the barony offering, the upgrade to county is automatic and cannot be declined (though, should an [[unfortunate accident]] befall the liaison then the promotion will be deferred). A count will upgrade to a [[duke]] under proper conditions.

{{D for Dwarf}}

Counts have been known to have long, storied careers as lever-pullers, though some flame out in the [[unfortunate accident|geonaut]] career path. It is not known if vampiric counts are excellent bookkeepers.

{{gamedata| [POSITION:COUNT]
[NAME_MALE:count:counts]
[NAME_FEMALE:countess:countesses]
[SPOUSE_MALE:count consort:counts consort]
[SPOUSE_FEMALE:countess consort:countesses consort]
[NUMBER:AS_NEEDED]
[LAND_HOLDER:2]
[LAND_NAME:a county]
[RESPONSIBILITY:LAW_MAKING]
[RESPONSIBILITY:RECEIVE_DIPLOMATS]
[SUCCESSION:BY_HEIR]
[APPOINTED_BY:MONARCH]
[REPLACED_BY:DUKE]
[PRECEDENCE:30]
[SPECIAL_BURIAL]
[MENIAL_WORK_EXEMPTION]
[MENIAL_WORK_EXEMPTION_SPOUSE]
[SLEEP_PRETENSION]
[PUNISHMENT_EXEMPTION]
[FLASHES]
[BRAG_ON_KILL]
[CHAT_WORTHY]
[DO_NOT_CULL]
[KILL_QUEST]
[COLOR:5:0:0]
[ACCOUNT_EXEMPT]
[DUTY_BOUND]
[DEMAND_MAX:3]
[MANDATE_MAX:2]
[REQUIRED_BOXES:3]
[REQUIRED_CABINETS:2]
[REQUIRED_RACKS:2]
[REQUIRED_STANDS:2]
[REQUIRED_OFFICE:1500]
[REQUIRED_BEDROOM:1500]
[REQUIRED_DINING:1500]
[REQUIRED_TOMB:1500]}}
{{Nobles}}
{{Category|Aristocrats}}

Baron

2023-09-11T01:14:03Z

Magistrum: Removed section describing earlier versions' requirements, put the new requirements on the infobox.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{Noble
| noble= Baron
| office= Decent Office
| quarters= Decent Quarters
| dining= Decent Dining Room
| tomb= Tomb
| chests=2
| cabinets=1
| racks=1
| stands=1
| mandates=1
| demands=2
| arrival=
* 20 Population
* 100 000☼ Produced [[wealth]]
* 10 000☼ Exported [[wealth]]
| function=
* Meet with [[diplomat]]s
* Appoints a [[Champion]]
}}{{av}}

When a fortress meets certain requirements, the [[liaison]] will offer to make it a barony. The player will then have the option to choose a citizen to promote to the rank of '''baron''', which will take effect when the liaison leaves the map ("Do you have any dwarves to recommend for elevation?"). This offer can be temporarily rejected (by choosing the "we'd rather keep our distance" option or by canceling out of the selection screen after agreeing), deferring the choice until the liaison's next visit. Until the offer is accepted and a candidate nominated, the liaison(s) will not negotiate trade agreements. The promotion screen (see example below) displays only the names and titles of potential candidates. As of v0.50, it is possible to hit {{k|esc}} to close the diplomacy window, search for potential candidates in the {{k|u}}nits menu and come back to the diplomacy window to appoint the new baron accordingly. A baron is required for your fortress to receive [[wagon]]s in dwarven and human [[caravan]]s. If baron gets killed, or lost on an off site mission, you will no longer get wagons (bug?).

It is also possible for a citizen to inherit a baron(ess) title, even from another site, immediately giving that citizen noble status. This can potentially result in the fortress becoming overrun with baron(esse)s that will never leave for the sites that they are the rulers of.

If the appointed baron(ess) is [[marriage|married]], then the spouse will become the baron(ess) consort, and will be considered an unlisted noble (doesn't appear in the {{k|n}}oble menu, but is listed as a [[noble]] in the {{k|u}}nits menu).

Once appointed, the local baron(ess) can issue [[mandate]]s and [[demand]]s, and these will be strongly influenced by his or her personal [[preference]]s. Of particular note, a baron(ess) with no item preferences will never issue any mandates (but may still make demands). If a non-mandater is appointed, it may be a good idea to supply additional happy [[thought]]s for him/her to replace those that would have been experienced from having mandates met.

The selected baron(ess) may still perform useful labour from his/her normal life (as a miner, for example). However, as the baron is supposed to be a [[Noble#Notes|lazy noble]], this seems to be an unintended, broken behaviour in all pre-0.50.xx versions (so far) and might be fixed in future releases.

If a baron dies, goes insane, or has an [[unfortunate accident]], players will not be able to appoint a new baron ([https://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/mantisbt/view.php?id=2960 Bug 2960]) and consequently cannot get other nobles which are upgraded from baron, i.e. [[count]] and [[duke]]. However, in at least some situations, the fortress can still eventually become the seat of the [[monarch|monarchy]] of its civilization, in which case a baron (or count/duke) for the fortress at least sometimes arrives as part of the monarch's entourage.

[[File:Barony appointment.PNG|200px|thumb|right|A picture detailing how a baron is appointed. ASCII mode.]]

{{gamedata| [POSITION:BARON]
[NAME_MALE:baron:barons]
[NAME_FEMALE:baroness:baronesses]
[SPOUSE_MALE:baron consort:barons consort]
[SPOUSE_FEMALE:baroness consort:baronesses consort]
[NUMBER:AS_NEEDED]
[LAND_HOLDER:1]
[LAND_NAME:a barony]
[RESPONSIBILITY:LAW_MAKING]
[RESPONSIBILITY:RECEIVE_DIPLOMATS]
[SUCCESSION:BY_HEIR]
[APPOINTED_BY:MONARCH]
[REPLACED_BY:COUNT]
[PRECEDENCE:40]
[SPECIAL_BURIAL]
[MENIAL_WORK_EXEMPTION]
[MENIAL_WORK_EXEMPTION_SPOUSE]
[SLEEP_PRETENSION]
[PUNISHMENT_EXEMPTION]
[FLASHES]
[BRAG_ON_KILL]
[CHAT_WORTHY]
[DO_NOT_CULL]
[KILL_QUEST]
[COLOR:5:0:0]
[ACCOUNT_EXEMPT]
[DUTY_BOUND]
[DEMAND_MAX:2]
[MANDATE_MAX:1]
[REQUIRED_BOXES:2]
[REQUIRED_CABINETS:1]
[REQUIRED_RACKS:1]
[REQUIRED_STANDS:1]
[REQUIRED_OFFICE:500]
[REQUIRED_BEDROOM:500]
[REQUIRED_DINING:500]
[REQUIRED_TOMB:500]}}
{{Nobles}}
{{Category|Aristocrats}}

Butcher

2023-08-14T17:12:22Z

Magistrum: Removed mention of the inability of dwarves to butcher sapient skeletons as a bug, since that is intended behavior for dwarven ethics.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{Skill
| color = 6:0
| skill = Butcher
| profession = [[Farmer]]
| job name = [[Butchery]]
| tasks =
* Butcher [[animal]]
| workshop =
* [[Butcher's shop]]
| attributes =
* Strength
* Agility
* Endurance
* Kinesthetic Sense
}}
{{av}}
[[File:dwarf_butcher_preview.jpg|thumb|210px|right|When he smells like dead lamb, you know he didn't miss work.]]'''Butchers''' do the dirty job of killing tame animals and processing animal [[corpse]]s, skeletons and body parts for [[meat]], [[fat]], [[skin]], [[bone]]s, [[skull]]s, and many other objects, at the [[Butcher's Shop]].

==Fortress mode==
The work of a butcher is divided into two distinct categories: '''slaughtering''' and '''butchering'''. While both produce the same results (food and raw materials), they have distinctly different inputs - butchering is done on dead wild creatures (and takes a significant amount of time to perform), while slaughtering is done on live tame/trained creatures (and is instantaneous).

=== Slaughtering ===
To slaughter an animal, go to the {{Menu icon|u}} ([[Creatures]]) screen, then the [[Unit_list#Pets.2FLivestock_Tab|Pets/Livestock tab]] and click on [[File:Df steam butcher button.png|The slaughter button]] to flag (or un-flag) for slaughtering. Assuming you have enabled "Slaughter any marked animal" in your [[Standing_orders#Automated_Workshops|Standing orders]], a {{DFtext|Slaughter {name of the animal} (Tame)|3:1}} job will be queued to the next available [[Butcher's Shop]]. A butcher will then take the job and walk up to the animal, lead it to the butcher's shop, then strike down the creature. As mentioned above, slaughtering living animals is ''instantaneous'' - the moment the dwarf sets foot in the workshop, the animal dies and its body is split into individual parts. If "No automatic slaughter" is ''enabled'' in standing orders, then nothing at all will happen, since the "slaughter animal" job cannot be added manually. If multiple creatures are flagged for slaughtering, only one slaughter job ''per workshop'' at a time will be created. Only tame/trained creatures can be slaughtered.

=== Butchering ===
If "Automatically butcher carcasses" is enabled in your [[Standing_orders#Automated_Workshops|Standing orders]], then any valid corpse located either in a stockpile or within 43 squares of a butcher's shop will be automatically queued for butchering. During this job, the butcher will pick up the corpse, haul it to the workshop, and then slowly process it into individual parts at a speed based on skill level and [[clutter]] (which can take a long time for particularly large creatures such as [[forgotten beast]]s). If a [[Ambusher|hunter]] successfully kills his target, he will haul the corpse and place it directly inside an appropriate butcher's shop, but unless your butcher happens to be idle at the moment, the corpse will likely be removed from the workshop and placed in a stockpile.

Certain exceptionally [[Size|large]] species of [[vermin]], [[creepy crawler]]s in particular, can also be butchered for a small amount of meat. Any caught live ones are automatically queued for butchering: a dwarf will carry an [[animal trap]] containing one to a butcher's shop and butcher the vermin inside as if it were a corpse. Only live untamed vermin can be butchered this way, dwarves will not butcher [[tame]] ones or the [[remains]] of one.

Dwarves will not butcher the corpses of sapient creatures (due to the {{token|EAT_SAPIENT_OTHER|ethics|UNTHINKABLE}} [[ethics|ethic]]), and the corpses of tame creatures cannot be butchered (they must be slaughtered while still alive).

The type and number of objects produced from butchering a creature varies greatly, since not all creatures have the same parts. See each animal's page for a breakdown of what happens when you break that animal down. Note that while a butcher's shop also has the "Extract from dead animal" task, this requires a certain type of living trapped vermin, and it is not done by a butcher, but by an [[animal dissector]].

==Adventurer mode==
How to butcher in [[adventurer mode]]:

# If the corpse is in your inventory, {{k|d}}rop it or equip it by {{k|r}}emoving it.
# If the corpse is on the ground, move onto its tile.
# Equip a cutting implement or, alternatively, drop it on your tile. This can be any object with a sharp edge (i.e.has an EDGE attack type), from bladed [[Weapon|weapons]] and [[Tool|tools]], up to [[Bolt|bolts]] and [[Knapper|sharpened rocks]].
# Press {{k|x}} to open the action menu. Then select "{{k|b}}utcher", press {{k|→}} and select the corpse that you want to butcher, press {{k|→}} again and pick the tool that you want to use. [[File:Butchery_adv_action_menu.PNG]]

You will then proceed to butcher the corpse, dropping all of the products on your tile; also note that small animals, like [[raven]]s, cannot be butchered. The tool used for butchery will also be covered in the [[blood]] of the creature being butchered. Ergo, butchering [[Titan|certain]] [[Forgotten beast|creatures]] can have [[Syndrome|fun]] results.

==Effect of skill==
A butcher's skill affects the speed of butchery, which can be important for processing a large number of corpses before they begin to [[rot]]. Note that butcher shops can become [[clutter|cluttered]] quickly, because most animals create a large number of different items of different categories when butchered, so make sure that you have nearby stockpiles for [[refuse]], raw [[hide]]s, [[meat]], prepared organs and [[fat]]. To minimize the amount of [[miasma]] created, in case the rotting parts are not removed fast enough, a butcher's shop should always be blocked by a [[door]].

Of course, placing the butcher's shop outside will prevent any and all miasma generated by rotting, but the dwarves won't haul the inedible parts away unless their global orders allow to "gather refuse from outside" ({{k|o}}-{{k|r}}-{{k|o}})

==Troubleshooting==
If your butcher keeps cancelling jobs with "Needs butcherable unrotten nearby item", check the following:

*The corpse isn't rotten
*The corpse is in a stockpile, or within 20 tiles of the butcher shop
*The corpse is large enough for butchering{{bug|0874}}
*The corpse wasn't sapient, tame or trained
*Your butcher can access the corpse and workshop
*The corpse isn't currently tasked for a job (such as hauling to a stockpile)
*The butcher workshop isn't restricted to take from a stockpile that doesn't contain the corpse

==Butchering sapients==
{{mod}}

In the current version of the game, it isn't possible to butcher sapient creatures due to dwarven ethics forbidding it. In addition, the game is currently programmed to force the player (regardless of race or game mode) to not be able to use the returns of a butchered sapient creature (i.e. you can't eat [[goblin]] meat in adventurer mode, regardless of if you're playing a dwarf or an [[elf]] or an [[alligator man]]){{bug|9171}}. Butchered undead are not subject to this restriction. Discussion on the subject may be found in this [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=161408.90 Bay 12 forums thread].

While it is possible to mod ethics to allow the butchering of sapients for the dwarven civilization, ethics itself only plays its role during world generation, meaning you still won't get the option to butcher sapients in actual gameplay. The only way to reliably butcher sapients and use their returns is with the utility [[DFHack]], as demonstrated [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=161408.msg7455623#msg7455623 here]. Or you can simply eat the bones if the corpse has rotted away.

==Detailed butchering yields calculations==

Yields are calculated on a per part, per layer basis. Each tissue layer on a part is considered individually, even if multiple layers of the same part are made of the exact same materials. (footnote 1)

Step 1: Get the base volume of the tissue layer

The base volume of a tissue layer is based on what percent of its body part volume it represents (based on the layer's RELATIVE_THICKNESS compared to the RELATIVE_THICKNESS of all other layers), which is based on what percent of the whole body's unmodified base volume (defined with BODY_SIZE) that the part represents (based on the part's RELSIZE compared to the RELSIZE of all other parts).

Only these aspects - the relsizes of body parts, the base body size, and the relative thickness of a tissue layer compared to others on its part - are what are considered at this stage. Things like whether the layer thickens with strength, if the part has size modifiers, etc. aren't factored in here. This is an important thing to note: they have no impact on the relative base volumes of parts in this calculation! (footnote 2)

Even if a layer is now missing (like fat having melted off), its defined relative thickness is still factored in to the calculations - the volume of muscle on a part doesn't suddenly increase because the fat layer is gone or anything like that.

Step 2: Apply modifiers to each tissue layer's base volume to get its modified volume
There are multiple different modifiers that affect the base volume to get the modified volume. Because these modifications happen after relsizes and such have been considered, they don't impact the volume / yields of any of the other layers on its body part, or any other body parts.

Each of these modifiers is applied as a multiplier to the base volume.

=== Body Modifiers ===
The HEIGHT, BROADNESS, and LENGTH of the creature's whole body is used as a modifier. The values for these can be set using the BODY_APPEARANCE_MODIFIER token (whenever these tokens are omitted, the default values are 100).

Modifier = (Body Height / 100) *(Body Broadness / 100) * (Body Length / 100)

=== Body Part Modifiers ===
The HEIGHT, BROADNESS, and LENGTH of the body part are used as a modifier. The values for these can be set using the BP_APPEARANCE_MODIFIER token after selecting the part (whenever these tokens are omitted, the default values are 100).

Modifier = (Part Height / 100) * (Part Broadness / 100) * (Part Length / 100)

Stronk and chonk - THICKENS_ON_STRENGTH and THICKENS_ON_ENERGY_STORAGE

If the tissue has the THICKENS_ON_STRENGTH or THICKENS_ON_ENERGY_STORAGE tokens, modifiers based on the creature's stats are applied.

* If a layer has just THICKENS_ON_STRENGTH, the multiplier is the creature's STRENGTH/1000.

* If a layer has just THICKENS_ON_ENERGY_STORAGE, the multiplier is the creature's fat amount / 250,000. Because a creature's "normal" fat level is 500,000, you'll likely notice adding this token to a tissue will double the yields from that tissue, as that value gives a 2x multiplier.

* If a layer has both THICKENS_ON_STRENGTH and THICKENS_ON_ENERGY_STORAGE, the multiplier is the mean average of the two multipliers combined (so the multiplier is: (Strength/1000 + Fat amount/250,000) / 2). This means that it some cases, you could end up getting lower item yields having both tokens than just having one.

=== Other Modifiers ===
The amount of a layer that's remaining after some of it has been lost does have some impact on its yield volume, however I didn't purposely investigate it. I'd assume that the % of layer that's remaining is used as a modifier. I did test what happens when a layer is fully gone, however - it yields 0 of its item, regardless of the special clauses (see: later).

Step 3: Get the item yields
The number of items yielded from butchering the tissue layer is based on a simple formula (however, there are some special cases that can modify the number of items):

Number of items = Modified volume / 25,000 (rounded down)

In cases where the yield from this calculation is 0, there are two special clauses that can apply, based on the body part's size, and the modified volume of the tissue.

Volume Clause: If the modified volume of a layer is at least 260, any yield of 0 is changed to 1.
Part Size Clause: If the size of the body part that the tissue layer is a part of is at least 260, any yield of 0 is changed to 1. A layer could in practice represent even a tiny fraction of a volume unit, and yet still yield 1 item just because its part is 260 or bigger.

=== Butcher Items ===
What items are actually yielded from butchering a tissue layer is based on the material it's made from. There are some specially-coded cases based on the materials tokens - for example, materials with the MEAT token will yield meat, materials with the BONE token will yield bone. The token BUTCHER_SPECIAL can be used to set the item yield to be any particular item you desire.

The item count isn't at all impacted by the size of the item being produced. If a layer's modified volume is big enough to yield 40 items, it'll yield 40 meat or 40 statues all the same.
Items with standard dimensions (e.g. BARS, THREAD, CLOTH) seem to be produced at those standard dimensions. For example, with a BUTCHER_SPECIAL:THREAD:NONE material that has a modified volume large enough for an item yield of 10, a stack of 10 thread items will be produced, each item being at 15000 dimensions.

=== Extra Butcher Objects/NOMEAT, NOBONES etc. ===
Extra butcher objects don't impact the yields of butchering layers associated with the parts at all. They also don't care if the part they're attached to is big enough to yield at least 1 item if it was butchered regularly. So, an extra butcher object that's attached to a body part whose volume is below 260 will still drop its item, even if butchering the layers on that part might not yield anything.

So how do the creature tokens such as NOMEAT and the like factor into yields for their items? They don't at all. Perhaps the tokens affect fort-mode butchering, or the tokens are depreciated from an old version, or they're not supposed to have anything to do with butchering and handle something like whether entries show up in the stockpiles screen or not.

==Bugs==
*A dead tame animal that was not slaughtered cannot be butchered.{{bug|1180}} This includes tame animals killed due to age, starvation, or combat.
*Butchering returns of sentient creatures are unusable, regardless of adventurer's ethics.{{bug|9171}}
*Some animals can be too small to be butchered, such as [[buzzard]]s, [[rabbit]]s, and [[barn owl]]s.{{bug|0874}}

==See also==
*[[Meat industry]]

{{Translation
| dwarven = lokast
| elvish = uwale
| goblin = slust
| human = rashcat
}}

{{Skills}}

Advanced marksdwarf training guide

2023-06-19T21:07:45Z

Magistrum: Removed mention of {{bug|2706}} since it is fixed as of version .50.08 when I tested it.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
[[Marksdwarf|Marksdwarves]] can be tricky to equip and [[training|train]] properly for the uninitiated - they often appear to refuse to use their [[crossbow]]s at [[archery range]]s. This guide goes into details explaining known bugs, and getting your marksdwarves to train properly, as well as going into details regarding various ranged weaponry.

== Understanding ranged weaponry ==
In vanilla ''Dwarf Fortress'', the raws define three types of ranged weapons, each with their own skill and ammo.

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan="4" |Ranged Weapons
|-
!Ranged Weapon
!Ranged Skill
!Melee Skill
!Ammo
|-
|Crossbow
|Marksdwarf
|Hammerdwarf
|Bolts
|-
|Bow
|Bowman
|Swordman
|Arrows
|-
|Blowgun
|Blowgunner
|Swordman
|Darts
|-
|}

Of these, dwarves can only craft crossbows and bolts. Bows and blowguns are gained either through trade or recovery from downed enemies. If playing a modded game, replace crossbow in the following with one of the above weapons, and proper ammo type.

== Equipping your marksdwarves ==

=== The minimum outfit ===
At a minimum, each dwarf requires the following to successfully use the crossbow.
* One crossbow
* One quiver
* One stack of bolts for each marksdwarf to shoot

A quiver is equipped on the upper body slot. Due to a bug, sometimes a marksdwarf will fail to pick up a quiver if wearing heavy armor, a workaround for which is given below. Wood and metal bolts are generated in stacks of 25. Bone bolts are generated in stacks of 5.

=== Crossbows ===
Crossbows can be made with wood or bone at a bowyer's workshop, or metal at a metalsmith/magma forge. Metal crossbows can be forged out of copper, bronze, bismuth bronze, iron, steel, or adamantine. Quivers must be made of leather at a leatherworks. The base material of a crossbow appears to have no effect on the lethality of ranged bolts. However, when marksdwarves end up in melee, they will use their crossbow to bash. This bash attack utilizes the hammerdwarf skill and deals blunt damage, thus it has been suggested to make dense metal crossbows.

=== Quivers and bolts ===
Please note that bolts are assigned to a ''squad'', not to individual dwarves. The number of bolts assigned to a squad will be divided evenly between all occupied squad positions. (For example, if you have a squad of 10 marksdwarves, you need to assign ''at least'' 250 bolts to the squad for each position to equip 25 bolts.)

Quivers can hold between 25 and 49 bolts, and dwarves will pick up multiple stacks if necessary to reach a number in this range. In other words, dwarves will continue picking up stacks of bolts until they've got at least 25 in their quiver (or they run out of squad-assigned bolt stacks). Bolt stacks are collected in last-in-first-out order (LIFO); that is, dwarves will always go for the newest bolts in your fortress, even if there is an ammo stockpile three steps away from them. Each squad with marksdwarves must be assigned ammo. As they deplete it, the game will automatically add additional ammo to the squad if there is some in the fortress, again following the principle of LIFO.

=== Avoiding equipment issues ===
The mining, wood cutting, and hunting labors have an "invisible uniform" that conflicts with military equipment. When these labors are enabled, a dwarf will drop all assigned military equipment when going off duty, and when ordered back on duty they spend extra time collecting their equipment, and may ultimately report without some equipment. For that reason, it is recommended that you disable mining, wood cutting, and hunting on all military dwarves.

An "[[equipment mismatch]]" error sounds dire, but it's just a diagnostic message telling you that a dwarf's assigned equipment changed while the dwarf was en route to pick up the previously-assigned equipment. In almost all cases the dwarf will automatically collect the newly-assigned equipment without player intervention. One reported cause of frequent equipment mismatch spam is ammo stored in bins.

== Setting your marksdwarf's barracks ==

=== Understanding possible training activities ===
The first rule of marksdwarf training is that you do '''not''' assign them a normal [[barracks]] if you wish them to utilize the [[archery target]] for Archer and Marksdwarf XP - if they are assigned to a barracks, they will train as hammerdwarves with their crossbows vs. actually shooting bolts at the archery target. Furthermore, as the game gives precedence to melee training, they will almost never use an archery range, even if one is assigned, if they have a choice.

When training, a dwarf has four possible options, which they will take in roughly this order:
* Squad Training (Lead/Watch demonstration)
* Individual Combat Drill
* Spar (requires Competent Fighter skill)
* Archery Training

Squad training and sparring require multiple dwarves (and yes, marksdwarves '''will''' spar as long as they are Competent Fighter skill level, training their melee skills while doing so). Except for archery training, dwarves require a standard barracks to conduct any of the above activities. Notably, it is possible to actually train marksdwarves via demonstration, both Crossbow and Archery skills being trainable this way. By combining this with training orders, it is possible to make archery training the only valid option, and thus get them to train consistently.

=== Building archery ranges ===
Thus, the first step is to build a room with a bunch of archery targets, it is recommended to build one archery target per filled squad position (multiple marksdwarves cannot train at the same archery target concurrently). The room must be large enough that the marksdwarf has a one-gap space between them and the target; some people just make their "barracks" 10x10, and put an ammo stockpile in it. Notably, (and this is a change from previous versions) the dwarves ''must'' be able to walk up to the target; placing a channel in front of it will prevent them from training.

Once you build your range ({{k|b}}-{{k|A}}), you must define it as a room ({{k|q}}-{{k|r}}). Make it so it touches the far wall, and don't worry, range rooms can overlap. You have to do this for each archery target. Make sure the shooting direction is correct! In addition, your marksdwarf squad '''must''' at minimum have train set on each archery target with ({{k|q}}-{{k|t}}). Again, only one marksdwarf can use a target at any given time.

[[File:Archery_target_setup.png|A properly setup archery target]]

Repeat this for each range; you will have 1-10 targets overlapping each other and assigned to your marksdwarf squad (in these screenshots, they are "The Delights of Gold")

===The military management screen===

This is by far the most difficult part - the {{K|m}}ilitary menu is confusing on the best days, but this guide will walk you through it. (To some people, this screen is designed upside down: the options to switch 'pages' or 'tabs' on this menu are at the bottom, and the specific detailed commands for the current page/tab are at the top. We will use 'page'.)

Ignore the default page '''{{DFtext|p|2:1}}{{DFtext|: Positions|3:1:1}}''' page for now, because you want to make the right '''{{DFtext|n|2:1}}{{DFtext|: Uniforms|7:1}}''' for your marksdwarves.

====Uniforms====
Press {{K|n}} to bring up the uniforms screen. Do yourself a favor and just scroll down and {{K|d}}elete the default 'archer' uniform. It's wrong and will not work properly.

Create a new uniform with {{K|c}}.

You will use the hotkeys seen on the 2nd row from the top of the {{K|m}} screen, and to create the following uniform:
* {{K|A}}rmor: leather armor
* {{K|L}}egs: leather legwear
* {{K|H}}elm: leather headwear
* {{K|G}}loves: leather handwear
* {{K|B}}oots: leather footwear
* {{K|S}}hield: shields/bucklers
* {{K|W}}eapon: crossbows (do NOT use individual choice, ranged; you '''will''' end up with dwarves who think an ''axe'' is a ranged weapon) :p

Navigation is ''tricky'', so let's do the first 3 selections together:
# {{K|A}}rmor to show the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list of Armor items
## Navigate {{K|→}} to the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list
## Use the {{k|↑}}/{{k|↓}} and {{K|Enter}} to select "leather armor". You should now see "leather armor" listed under {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list in the center of the screen.
## Ok, that was the '''easy''' one. So follow these steps CLOSELY.
# {{K|L}}egs to show the to show the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list of Leg items
## Use the {{k|↑}}/{{k|↓}} and {{K|Enter}} to select "legwear". You should now see "legwear" listed under "leather armor" under {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list. BUT... the green {{dftext|leather armor|3:1}} means it is the selection from that column.
## Navigate back {{k|←}}/{{k|↓}} to highlight {{dftext|legwear|3:1}}
## {{K|M}}aterial to reveal the material options that will appear under the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} column.
## Navigate {{K|→}} to the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list
## Use the {{k|↑}}/{{k|↓}} and {{K|Enter}} to select "leather" material. You should now see {{dftext|leather legwear|3:1}} listed under {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list in the center of the screen.
# Now {{K|H}}elm to get your leather headwear
## Use the {{k|↑}}/{{k|↓}} and {{K|Enter}} to select "headware". (It may be the first option, so just hit {{K|Enter}})
## Navigate back {{k|←}}/{{k|↓}} to highlight {{dftext|headware|3:1}}
## {{K|M}}aterial to reveal the material options that will appear under the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} column.
## Navigate {{K|→}} to the {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list
## Use the {{k|↑}}/{{k|↓}} and {{K|Enter}} to select "leather" material. You should now see {{dftext|leather headwear|3:1}} listed under {{DFtext| |7:7:1}}{{dftext|SELECTION|7:7:1}}{{DFtext| |7:7:1}} list in the center of the screen.

Be careful of hitting Enter at the wrong time and duplicating or deleting an entry. Here's what it should look like if you did it right:

[[File:Working_training_uniform.png|400px|Uniform that gets them training]]

Now press {{K|m}} to switch from "Partial matches" to "Exact matches" in the upper right. This appears to fix most of the issues that result in your dwarves not picking up quivers. You might be able to get away with {{k|r}} "Over clting", which means the dwarves will wear this uniform over their current clothing.

At this point you have created the concept of a uniform, but you have not yet told your squad to wear this uniform.

Proceed to the next section.

===Positions===
Now press {{K|p}} to go back to the positions menu. If you are creating {{K|l}} a new squad, it will prompt for a uniform, before showing a list of Vacant Squad positions and Candidates.

After selecting your recruits, switch to the {{K|e}} menu. Select your squad, then press {{K|U}} (that's capital U) to bring up the {{K|U}}niform selection screen.

NOTE: If a position (for example, commander/captain) is highlighted when you hit the {{K|U}}niform selection screen, your selection will ONLY apply to that individual soldier.
Hit {{K|shift}} + {{K|enter}} to make sure you are assigning it to all positions in the squad.

You can also look at the top of the screen to see what your dwarves will train as (i.e. 10/10 Marksdwarves, instead of 1/1 markdwarf 9/9 wrestlers).

[[File:10_marksdwarves.png|400px|10/10 Marksdwarves]]

=== Handling ammo ===
We're almost done. Go to the ammo screen.

(Note: This isn't possible in Steam version. There is no ammo screen)

[[File:ammo_screen.png|400px|Ammo]]

If you're setting this by hand, here's what to know. Each squad needs the correct ammo. Bolts are assigned on a "per-item" basis, i.e., a given stack of bolts that's marked for training will only be used for training and vice versa.
By default the top slot reserves ammunition for hunters. If you don't have any hunters you may want to remove that reservation from the ammunition screen to free up those bolts for your military.

=== Squad training orders ===
Now, for the magic bit that gets them doing nothing *but* training. Open the schedule screen with {{K|s}} and look at the orders. The default is "Train, 10 minimium". '''This is WRONG!'''

[[File:default_training_order.png|400px|Default Training Order]]

Press {{K|x}} to delete the order. The schedule screen will change to show no scheduled orders.

[[File:No_orders.png|400px|no_orders]]

Press {{K|o}} to pull up the give order screen. Press {{K|o}} until 'Train' is set, and then press {{K|+}} so it shows minimum 1, like this. Then press shift-enter to give the order. The screen will look like this:

[[File:Train_1.png|400px|train 1]]

[[File:given_train_1_order.png|400px|after giving train 1 order]]

Now do it again, until you have as many orders as total members of your squad (using a [[macro]] will allow you to repeat the process easily). You can give more than 5 orders, you just have to scroll in the orders screen to see it. When you're done it should look like this, after doing it 10 times.

[[File:multiple_train_1.png|400px|Multiple train one orders]]

Copy and paste the order to all the months. You can also set Sleep in Barracks at need to increase their training time, though this will raise the stress levels of dwarves in the squad due to tired thoughts.

You're almost done. Activate your squad, and after they finish picking up equipment, watch your bolt supplies vanish as your marksdwarves do nothing *but* archery training.

=== Why this works ===
Squad training and sparring require multiple dwarves (and yes, marksdwarves *will* spar as long as they're Competent Fighters). Training, minimum of 1 forces them to work solo. Since they don't have a normal barracks, they can't drill, which leaves archery training as the only possible way to train. Since reloading on marksdwarves continues to be erratic, they'll frequently report "No Orders" or similar once they've finished archery training; until the game notices that a given dwarf is out of ammo, in which case they'll go pick up more.

Archery target training grants 5x less experience than live fire (6XP per bolt at archery target vs. 30XP per bolt on live targets), but no micromanagement, no hauling, one setup, and you can ignore it until you get that glorious announcement that Urist McMarksdwarf has become an Elite Marksdwarf.

== Stopping melee charges ==
Do '''not''' use the [[Scheduling#Stations|station scheduling order]]!

When a dwarf has line of sight on an enemy, they'll do one of two things: run away; or run up and fight. While they're running up to the enemy, dwarves will shoot bolts if they have any, but then engage the enemy using their crossbows as hammers instead of shooting. Therefore, it's imperative that you create physical barriers which make it impossible for your marksdwarves to charge the enemy. Nothing else will suffice.

Some sources claim a Defend Burrows order may restrict marksdwarves to the area defined by the burrow. The full effectiveness of Defend Burrow orders at stopping a melee charge is unknown.{{verify}}

The easiest way to accomplish this is to use fortification pillboxes (also known as [[archery tower]]s), with a [[Scheduling#Orders|patrol order]] that causes them to break line of sight.

For patrol routes, marksdwarves will not reliably take a Pickup Equipment order as long as they have line of sight on their enemy; they will usually stand there and glare. Have them go through a door or something, and as soon as they lose sight of the goblin/forgotten beast/demon, they'll immediately go find bolts and reload.

An alternative approach is to forego all of this scheduling stuff, and use direct move orders. Station (move) your marksdwarves to the spot where you want them to stand, making sure that this spot is physically separated from the enemy. Remember that each dwarf will actually select a random spot within 3 tiles of your station-spot, on the same Z level, and try to walk to that spot. Make sure every such reachable spot is on ''your'' side of the fortifications.

In all cases, you must remember that dwarves '''can and will climb''' walls or fortifications to reach the enemy. To prevent marksdwarves from suicide-diving over the fortifications onto the killing ground below, build a roof (a [[floor]] on the next Z-level up) to physically block their vertical movement.

{{Military}}

{{Category|Military}}
{{Category|Guides}}

Stockpile

2023-06-19T20:57:12Z

Magistrum: Removed mention of {{bug|2706}} since it is fixed as of version .50.08 when I tested it.

{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}

{{For/see|exploits related to stockpiling|[[Quantum stockpile]]}}

'''Stockpiles''' are where [[dwarf|dwarves]] store items of various types, usually in a safer, closer or more convenient place for the consumers. Dwarves with the corresponding "[[hauling]]" job will seek out items that are not already on a stockpile that accepts them and carry them to an appropriate stockpile, if available. It's important to place your stockpiles carefully to minimize the amount of time spent carrying items back-and-forth. Items in a stockpile may be stored in [[container]]s such as [[bag|bags]], [[barrel|barrels]] or [[bin|bins]] (see [[Using bins and barrels]]). Seed bags, flour bags, and dye bags can go inside barrels. Empty bags, however, cannot be stacked.
[[Image:StockpilesMenu2010.png|right]]
== Creating and Removing Stockpiles ==

To create a stockpile, click the {{Menu icon|p}}Stockpile button. At this point, you can click on any existing stockpile to inspect it, but to create a new one, you must click the button that appears immediately above the original stockpile button. When you click to create a new stockpile, you can draw a rectangle with the mouse. Clicking "Accept" in the top left pop-up finalizes the stockpile, or you can continue drawing rectangles to make the stockpile bigger. Non-contiguous regions are possible, but could be confusing to manage later for little benefit. If the chosen area has parts that cannot be made into a stockpile, like a [[wall]], a [[workshop]], or an already existing stockpile, a stockpile will be created but they will not be part of it. After clicking "accept", a new menu pane opens up with a list of pre-set stockpile rules, of which you must select one or else select "Custom" to define your own rules.

When creating a stockpile, any movable items (e.g. loose [[stone]], unbuilt [[furniture]], etc.) currently occupying the designated tiles will automatically be considered part of the stockpile, even if the stockpile settings disallow those particular items. These items also mark the tile as "full", so no new items will be stored in that tile until all the original items in the tile are moved. To handle unwanted items, you can specify that the stockpile "gives" to a workshop or stockpile that will accept those items, or use a [[dump]] command to have them carried off to a garbage [[zone]].

To edit a stockpile, click the "Stockpile" button in the main menu, then click on the stockpile. The suite of buttons (mouse over to see their tooltips to determine what each button does) can be used to edit the name, edit its boundaries, set which stockpiles or workshops give to or receive from this stockpile, delete the stockpile, or set the amount of wheelbarrows and containers that can be used.

When you click to repaint the stockpile, note that a secondary toolbar appears at the bottom of the screen, which you can use to switch to eraser mode.

== Using stockpiles ==

Once a stockpile has been allocated, by default dwarves will automatically move items to the stockpile when they are available, as long as the stockpile has available space. Note that the dwarves will place the item into the empty spot that is nearest to the item, ''not counting any obstructions''{{verify}}. Dwarves will stockpile the ''newest'' item first, which may not necessarily be the nearest item to the stockpile. Tiles within a stockpile which contain only forbidden items are considered available space, and can accumulate another item without exploiting [[Quantum_stockpile#Quantum_stockpiles|quantum stockpiling]].

One method to ensure a workshop has raw material on hand is to place a small stockpile of its input materials next to the workshop. This will speed up production as the crafter only has to take a few steps to obtain the material, preventing them from dragging material across the entire map. Whenever a crafter picks up material from the stockpile, your hauling dwarves will automatically fetch more material to refill the stockpile. This speeds up a queue of jobs, as other dwarves perform the time-consuming distant haul whilst the crafter concentrates on actually making items.

It's not necessary to place stockpiles for all types of objects. If no storage is available for a certain item type, dwarves will seek out items wherever they might lie as mentioned earlier. This can be advantageous—if you don't have a stockpile for [[gem]]s, your [[jeweler]] will go pick up fresh gems without waiting for them to be carried to a pile first. However, this also means your jeweler has to spend a lot of time fetching the gems. If you have enough haulers available, it's generally more advantageous to designate stockpiles than not. Also remember that your workshops will get [[clutter]]ed and suffer production slowdowns if you let ridiculous numbers of items pile up in them, so it's important to occasionally clear out workshops if they get cluttered. This can be done either by having a stockpile available so that haulers will remove the items, by [[DF2012:Exploit#Quantum_stockpiles|quantum stockpiling]] the accumulation, or by removing and rebuilding the workshop, which will empty its contents onto the ground.

== Take from a stockpile/workshop ==
{{migrated section}}
Another feature of stockpiles allows you to tell dwarves to transfer items from one stockpile to another. To specify such a flow, use the {{k|q}} menu, and highlight the ''destination'' stockpile. Press {{k|t}}, and, using the cursor, highlight another stockpile and press {{k|Enter}}. Your chosen stockpile will now list the stockpile it will take from. This will cause items in the second stockpile to be hauled to the first stockpile. To stop the first stockpile from taking items from the second, use the {{K|q}} menu on the first one, highlight the unneeded stockpile in the list using {{K|+}} and {{K|-}} and press {{K|d}}'''elete Selected'''.

Each stockpile can take from any number of other stockpiles. You can't make two stockpiles feed into each other, although larger loops (e.g. three stockpiles that feed into each other in a circle) are allowed.

Stockpiles may also take from a workshop, using the same interface ({{k|q}}-{{k|t}}, then select a workshop instead of a second stockpile). In this setup, any items produced inside the workshop (visible with {{k|t}}) become eligible to move to the stockpile. Be aware that any items produced in the workshop that ''aren't'' accepted by the linked stockpile will not be moved anywhere at all. They will sit inside the workshop until a linked stockpile accepts them.

Enough micromanagement will allow for effective and (relatively) streamlined supply chains. Here are some examples:

*Speeding up [[wood cutting|lumber harvesting]], [[carpentry]], ''and'' [[ash]] and [[charcoal]] production by putting several wood stockpiles near the various [[Chop_down_trees|tree-felling areas]], then one large "primary" stockpile near the [[carpenter's workshop]] that takes from those small ones, and then finally, a small stockpile near the [[wood furnace]] that takes from the primary one.
*A smallish [[plant]] stockpile near your farms, disallowing barrels, will allow harvesters to spend very little time stockpiling the crops they just picked. A larger stockpile near the [[still]] (this one possibly allowing barrels), taking from the smaller stockpile, lets your general-purpose haulers do most of the grunt work of getting plants in place for the brewer. The larger stockpile should be set to "take from links only", so the harvesters do not waste their time.
*A [[clothier's shop]] produces high-quality new [[clothing]]. There is currently no way to stockpile ''only'' new clothing, as opposed to [[wear|worn]] clothing, except for the fact that the new clothing is sitting in its workshop. A stockpile can be set to take from the clothier's shop (and to "take from links only"), so that it only gets new clothing produced in that workshop. If another stockpile with "take from anywhere" and no links is created, that one will accept all the worn clothing - it will never take from the linked clothier's shop. This worn-clothing stockpile may be placed near the [[trade depot]], if you plan to sell the used clothing, or near the [[magma|garbage disposal]], if you do not.

== Give to a stockpile/workshop ==
{{migrated section}}
Conversely, the {{k|g}} key allows a pile to give [[item]]s to another pile, or to a workshop. When giving to a stockpile, an equal and opposite "take from stockpile" is created in the other direction (and vice versa). Deleting one of these inter-stockpile links also deletes the other link.

Specifying that a workshop or furnace will only get its materials from a certain stockpile provides a way to make sure everything that the workshop produces is of a specific material. For example, setting a granite stockpile to give to a mason's workshop ensures that the workshop will only use granite as its material. This is also extremely important when the workshop's input materials are heavy (e.g. [[stone]]s); linking a nearby stone stockpile to the workshop prevents the mason from hauling an enormous rock from hundreds of tiles away.

This option is quite powerful, but should be used '''very''' carefully as the linked workshop will now ''only'' take from the stockpiles set to give to that workshop. Make sure that the workshop gets ''all'' of the materials needed for its jobs there if you use this feature. For example, if you link your ore stockpile to a non-magma [[smelter]], but don't also link a stockpile that includes a [[fuel]] source, then the dwarves will be unable to smelt ores at that smelter due to a lack of fuel. If you set a fuel stockpile to give that smelter, it will still be unable to [[melt]] down items marked for melting, because it only takes from the ore and fuel stockpiles. Another common mistake is setting a plant stockpile to give to a [[still]], but forgetting to also link a [[furniture]] stockpile to the still so that it has access to [[barrel]]s.

==Max bin/barrel ==
{{migrated section}}
The ''max bin'' and ''max barrel'' settings control the number of barrels and bins that are used for the organisation of items inside the stockpile. It can be useful to disallow bins and barrels from some stockpiles, for example stockpiles used to store seeds or for [[Exploit#Quantum stockpiles|quantum stockpiles]], by reducing this setting to 0.

Increasing these numbers is not usually needed - they are set to the number of tiles in the stockpile when it is created, which is the maximum number of bins or barrels the stockpile can hold anyway. Which of bins or barrels is turned on is determined by the item type selected when the stockpile is designated - food stockpiles allow barrels, for example, and bar stockpiles allow bins. However, these settings are not updated if the types of items allowed in the stockpile are changed. If you change the types of items allowed in the stockpile, it may also be useful to change the number of bins and barrels that are allowed in it to allow your dwarves to store those items more efficiently.

== Max wheelbarrow ==
{{migrated section}}
Another feature of the stockpile system, ''max wheelbarrow'' allows the player to control the number of [[wheelbarrow]]s assigned to the stockpile. This limit can be set anywhere from 0 to the total number of tiles in the stockpile.

If set to 0 (which is the default for all stockpiles other than stone stockpiles), the stockpile will generate a separate hauling job for each item that needs to be placed in it -- potentially one job per tile in the stockpile, simultaneously.

If set to non-zero, then that number of wheelbarrows will be brought to the stockpile. Once a stockpile has wheelbarrows assigned and moved to it, the number of wheelbarrows will act as a limit on the number of simultaneous hauling jobs for moving items to that stockpile. Each hauling job will be performed using a wheelbarrow, rather than by hand. You can see this as fine-tuning the speed of collection of the desired items.

Unfortunately, wheelbarrows are currently rather buggy, and may actually reduce the efficiency of your stockpiles; see [[Wheelbarrow]] for more information.

[[Minecart]]s can also be used for efficient hauling, although they require a much greater infrastructure investment.

== Will take from anywhere ==

{{migrated section}}

A stockpile that will take from anywhere does not restrict the source of its goods. Stockpiles with "take from links only" enabled will only accept goods from their assigned [[workshop]]s and linked stockpiles. You can use {{k|q}} {{k|a}} to toggle this setting on a stockpile.

Setting your [[seed]] stockpiles to "take from links only" will prevent your haulers from carrying your vital seeds back and forth across the map to pick up each new seed in the [[dining room]]. When your stockpiled seeds run low you can temporarily toggle to "anywhere" to collect the loose seeds in bulk.

The new "will take from anywhere" control is a toggle-button whose interpretation is as follows:

In classical ASCII mode:

* *️⃣➡️ - Expressing the concept "anywhere" (asterisk) and "will be accepted" (green arrow)
* *️⃣❌ - Expressing the concept "anywhere" (asterisk) and "will not be accepted" (red/orange "X")

In vanilla graphics mode:

* Highlighted Green - means the stockpile will give/take items from anywhere
* Not Highlighted Green - means the stockpile will NOT give/take items from anywhere (and will only give/take items to other stockpiles or workshops you manually designate)

Citizens may still have leftover "haul item to the stockpile" tasks to a particular stockpile even after "will take from anywhere" has been turned off for it, or even setting its desired items to "none", resulting in a batch of already-queued-up objects filling up the stockpile for quite some time. Smaller stockpiles will have significantly less of those delayed/queued up tasks.

== Stockpile categories ==
{{migrated section}}
===[[Ammo]]===
This stockpile contains ammo for all forms of ammunition-requiring weaponry (except [[siege engine]]s). It can use [[bin]]s to consolidate stacks.

===[[Animal]]===
[[Creature|Animals]] stored in [[cage|cages]] that are not affixed to a location will be stored in these stockpiles. [[Animal trap|Traps]] used for capturing wild animals and empty [[cage|cages]] are also stored here.

This type of stockpile cannot use bins or barrels.

===[[Armor]]===
Armor of all types is stored here. There is no preference for specific body parts, but usable/unusable armor may be specified. All types of armor can be stored in [[bin]]s.

Note that if refuse is enabled on the stockpile, armor and clothing will [[wear]] at an accelerated rate.

===[[Bar]]/[[Block]]===
Bars of smelted [[metal]] and blocks of cut stone and [[glass]] are kept here after being processed by the [[smelter]], [[mason's workshop|mason's workshops]], and [[glass furnace|glass furnaces]], before being used for other purposes. Weirdly, [[ash|ashes]], [[potash]], [[soap]], [[charcoal]], and [[coke]] from the [[wood furnace]], [[ashery]], [[soap maker's workshop]] and [[smelter]] will also be stored here. As with all stockpiles, this can be changed to allow for specific blocks and bars to be stored with custom settings. [[Bin]]s can be used to consolidate up to 10 bars/blocks.

===[[Cloth]]===
Woven cloth and [[thread]] are stored here (plant fiber, animal hair, and silk). [[Bin]]s can be used to consolidate items.

===[[Currency|Coins]]===
Minted coins are kept here, several thousand of them fitting into a single bin.

===[[Corpse|Corpses]]===
Dead sentient beings (dwarves, goblins, trolls, etc.) and [[pet|pets]] that have no burial location will be placed here. Other corpses are considered part of the ''refuse'' category.

If placed indoors, decaying bodies will generate [[miasma]], but [[bone]]s will not be removed at the end of the season. Rotting [[pet]]s or [[friend]]s give dwarves unhappy [[thought]]s unless they are given a proper burial in a [[Coffin|burial receptacle]].

===[[Finished goods|Finished Goods]]===
Finished goods created by the [[craftsdwarf's workshop]], as well as the [[clothier's shop]] and the [[leather works]], are placed here before being used in trade or other uses. This type of stockpile can use [[bin|bins]] to consolidate items, over a hundred objects can fit into a bin.

Since this stockpile can also contain supplies that the player might not want to trade away ([[splint]]s, [[crutch]]es, [[rope]]s, [[waterskin]]s...), it is wise to make separate custom stockpiles for these goods.

Note that if refuse is enabled on the stockpile, clothes and armor will [[wear]] at an accelerated rate.

=== [[Food]] ===
As one would assume based on the name, food is stored here, in addition to a wide variety of inedible plant and animal products -- [[seed]]s, [[lye]], [[giant desert scorpion]] venom, bags of [[dye]], and [[liquid fire]], to name a few. Raw [[Creature#Aquatic|fish]] is brought here, before being processed by a [[fishery]] and turned into edible [[meat]]. Drinks are always stored in [[barrel]]s or [[large pot]]s. Seeds are stored in [[bag]]s (which may in turn be stored in barrels/pots); other food items can be stored in barrels or pots.

Barrels and pots can hold, at most, 60 [[prepared meal]]s. Stacks larger than that (☼Dwarven Beer Roast [200]☼ is possible) will not fit in a barrel, but will still only take up one tile of stockpile space. To free up barrels, you may decide to have separate prepared food stockpiles that do not accept barrels - if you cook larger meals, this shouldn't be a problem.

Food will never [[wear|spoil]] while in a stockpile, although it may attract and be eaten by [[vermin]]. Food stockpiles should, in most cases, be restricted to desired types (e.g. [[seed]] stockpiles or meat stockpiles or unprepared fish stockpiles); there are simply too many things that go in them.

Fat and tallow go in the same list and are listed by animal, meaning that manual separation of fat and tallow takes a ''long'' time. Because fat will only ever enter your fortress at a butcher's shop, it is possible to link a general fat/tallow stockpile to the butchers' and have it take only from links. It may be necessary to link the butchers' to the stockpile you want the other butchery products to end up in. If you are playing with [[Utility:DFHack|DFHack]], you can use the search function to show only fat or tallow- the permit and forbid keys to toggle only those visible in the list.

===[[Furniture]] Storage===
Completed items from the [[carpenter's workshop]], [[mason's workshop]], and [[mechanic's workshop]] will be stored here, along with furniture created from other shops, until placed or used in another building. Bags filled with [[sand]] can also be stored in furniture stockpiles, and in fact will appear in any furniture stockpile unless expressly forbidden, regardless of materials permitted.

Since this is a very broad category, it may be useful to create stockpiles for a specific type of item (like barrels, bags, bins, mechanisms) via the stockpile settings.

Furniture cannot be stored in barrels or bins.

If you choose to apply advanced stockpiling of furniture e.g. "make a stockpile for only [[Furniture]]>[[Bed]]s." Merely selecting "beds" under the "Type" category will not suffice. In this case one also needs to ensure the required qualities are selected! Should you want to store all quality beds, just make sure you select "all" on the categories: [[#Core Quality|Core Quality]] as well as [[#Total Quality|Total Quality]].

===[[Gem]]===
This stockpile stores gems and raw [[glass]], both cut and uncut, along with [[gizzard stone]]s. It can use [[bin]]s to consolidate gems.

===[[Leather]]===
Leather, which is produced at a [[tanner's shop]], will be kept here. Like most stockpiles, it can use [[bin]]s to consolidate items.

===[[Refuse]]===
Since dwarves hate rot, because of the [[miasma]] it spreads when in an enclosed place like a [[cave]], any garbage item that can rot will be stored in a refuse stockpile. Also, any [[wear|XXdamaged itemsXX]] will be moved to the refuse stockpile. Many players prefer to place this stockpile outside their cavern, usually a small distance from the entrance, as rottable items on tiles that are {{DFtext|Outside |3:1}}{{DFtext|Light |6:1}}{{DFtext|Above Ground|2:1}} do not generate miasma.

If placed on a {{DFtext|Subterranean|0:1}} tile, decaying items will generate miasma, which will spread through your fortress and generate a small unhappy thought in any dwarf passing through it. For this reason, it is sensible to build [[door|doors]] (preferably several, separated by a few tiles to create an airlock) to all of your indoor refuse stockpiles. Miasma won't spread through a closed door, so only dwarves with business in the room will be bothered by the rot.

An alternative to this is to dig [[channel|channels]] down from the surface, creating an area of tiles considered to be {{DFtext|Light |6:1}}{{DFtext|Above Ground|2:1}}, yet still located within your fortress. You can place your refuse stockpile here, and although it will be in your fort, rotten items on those tiles will not generate miasma. If you choose to cover them with walls or floors for security and/or aesthetic reasons, it will convert them to {{DFtext|Inside|6:0}}, but they will remain {{DFtext|Light |6:1}}{{DFtext|Above Ground|2:1}} tiles, which again do not generate miasma in rotten items. (For even more creative methods to restrict the spread of foul rotting stench, see the [[miasma]] page.)

[[Bone]]s, [[skull]]s, and [[shell]]s are also stored here, whether from defeated enemies or raw food processing - if left in an area with high [[vermin]] levels, these will randomly disappear. Refuse stockpiles can be restricted to store only [[bone]]s, [[skull]]s, [[shell]]s, teeth, and horns/hooves.

Note that a refuse stockpile is not the same as a [[Activity_zone#Garbage_Dump|garbage dump]]. A garbage dump is only for things manually marked to be dumped. Additionally, refuse types specifically marked as '''Dwarves Dump '''''refuse type'' in {{k|o}}-{{k|r}} will be hauled to the garbage dump instead of the refuse stockpile.

Note that all armor and clothing stored in a refuse stockpile will suffer [[wear]] at an accelerated rate. This is a "feature" intended to dispose of unwanted armor.{{bug|5711}}

Be careful on evil biomes, since some can reanimate dead creatures and body parts. If your fort is located on a map where part is evil and part is not, it is best to put your refuse stockpile on the part that is not evil.

The corpses of sentient beings (goblins, trolls, etc.) are no longer stored in refuse stockpiles, [[Stockpile#Corpses|but in a corpse stockpile instead]]. If your dwarves are not cleaning up bodies, this is probably why.

===[[Sheets]]===
This stockpile stores sheets, including paper and parchment. Like most stockpiles, it can use bins to consolidate items.

===[[Stone]]===
Rough stone will be stored here, as well as [[ore]]. These stockpiles cannot use bins or barrels, but the use of [[wheelbarrow]]s is strongly advised.

[[Stone management]] is a complex topic; in the simplest terms, most stones are extremely heavy, so you want to minimize the distance they are [[hauling|hauled]] by hand (e.g. from the stone [[stockpile]] to the [[mason's workshop]] or [[smelter]]) by putting such stockpiles very close to the workshops that they feed.

===[[Weapon|Weapons]]===
Weapons of all types are stored here by default, including picks, trap components, and weapons too large for dwarves to use. [[Bin]]s can be used to consolidate weapons of any type.

===[[Wood]]===
Chopped trees are brought to the wood stockpile before being used by carpenter's workshop, a wood furnace or siege workshop. Because wood takes a long time to haul and tends to travel a long way, the stockpile should be rather close to a fortress entrance (which does not necessarily mean on the upper z-levels - moving down one z-level is only one tile), unless you have an [[Tower-cap|underground tree farm]]. It is a good idea to position this stockpile close to your carpenter's workshop (or the other way round) since he is likely to be the main "customer". Wood stockpiles will also accept "grown" wood logs that elves bring.

This type of stockpile cannot use bins or barrels.

===Additional Options===
The options are "Allow Plant/Animal" (organic goods) and "Allow Non-Plant/Animal (non-organic goods). Unlike all the other categories, the Additional Options settings apply to all other active categories. A stockpile that allows neither organic nor non-organic goods will never receive any items. Disabling "Additional Options" is a common cause of stockpile problems, and these options generally aren't useful anyway.

=== Custom stockpiles ===

With custom stockpiles, you can change which types of materials, goods, etc., can be stored in that stockpile. Any type of things can be mixed, so you could have a stockpile that will hold raw [[turtle]], [[mechanism|mechanisms]] and all stone types apart from [[onyx]] if you wanted, or only high-quality steel crossbow bolts (Ammo), all quivers (a Finished Good), and metal crossbows (a Weapon) - the combinations are endless, and can be finely tuned. Highlighting a stockpile with {{key|q}}, then pressing {{key|s}} will allow you to adjust the stockpile settings or in the {{key|p}} menu you can press {{key|t}} to adjust a custom stockpiles settings before placing it with {{key|c}}. Note that many sub-menus consist of several pages ( the 'other' menu of stone e.g. consists of several pages while 'metal [[ore|ores]]' and 'economic' consist of only one ).

Note that any custom stockpile that accepts any type of [[refuse]] will cause automatic [[wear|degradation]] to all [[clothing]] and [[armor]] stored in that stockpile. It is highly advisable to store your [[shell]]s and [[bone]]s in a separate stockpile.

== Stockpile Settings ==
{{migrated section}}
The '''Stockpile Settings''' screen is weird to use. In the first column are the major categories. In the second column there may or may not be subcategories. In the third you will see the individual items. The second and third columns are only visible when a category is enabled and selected.

You navigate this screen with {{key|+}} and {{key|-}}, and left and right on the arrow keys. {{key|e}} and {{key|d}} are used to enable and disable the categories. {{key|a}} and {{key|b}} are used to allow or disallow all the subcategories. {{key|p}} and {{key|f}} will permit or forbid individual subcategories. These six keys work no matter which column you have selected, though the last four will not always be available. {{key|Enter}} will toggle individual item types.

Be careful when selecting 'block all' on the subcategories as it can make your stockpiles useless. For example, if you block all the furniture subcategories and then re-enable beds under types, the stockpile won't actually accept anything because it still registers all materials and all quality levels as forbidden. The correct way would be to 'forbid types' and then re-enable beds.

=== Core Quality ===

Core quality means the quality of the ''craftsdwarfship of the item''. A masterfully crafted armor (made from qualityless metal bars) has masterful core quality. A finely-crafted dress (made from an exceptional pig tail fiber cloth) has fine core quality (because the craftsdwarfship ''of the item'' is fine).

=== Total Quality ===

Total quality means the highest between the craftsdwarfship of the item and the craftsdwarfship of its components (or decorations). The finely-crafted dress from our previous example has a fine core quality, but its total quality is exceptional because its component — a pig tail fiber cloth — is of exceptional quality. Likewise, a superior quality steel gauntlet, masterfully studded with copper is of masterful total quality (and superior core quality).

A more complex example: A rope reed fiber sock is superiorly decorated with pond turtle shell. Is masterfully crafted from a rope reed fiber cloth which was finely dyed with redroot dye. Core quality: masterful, Total quality: masterful. (Remember, for total quality, the best of either the item's quality, the quality of its components, or the quality of its decorations is chosen.)

See also [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=96501.msg2765710 Crafting Skills, Quality and Statistics research].

=== Notes ===
Some categories will have a special extra type of item(s) that can be toggled with {{key|u}} and sometimes {{key|j}}.

{| border="1" cellpadding="4"
|+
! Categories
! Item type
|-
| Animals
| Empty cages and Empty animal traps
|-
| Food
| Prepared food
|-
| Weapons
| Usable and unusable
|-
| Armor
| Usable and unusable
|}

If you disable an item or items that are already sitting in a stockpile then they become loose items and your dwarves will move them to a more suitable stockpile should one exist. All existing stockpiles (and zones) are listed under {{key|R}}ooms.

== Custom Stockpile Uses ==
A custom stockpile is most useful for food, furniture, and bar/block stockpiles, to prevent your lye and venom sitting next to the [[kitchen|kitchens]], your [[floodgate|floodgates]] and mechanisms near the [[room|rooms]] that need [[statue|statues]] and doors, your stone blocks next to the forges, and your metal bars by the farms.

When setting up a custom stockpile to hold more than one type of raw material, it is often best to set up multiple custom stockpiles, one for each type. Otherwise your stockpile will invariably fill up with lesser-used items, rendering your custom stockpile nearly useless.

One use for this is to have an outdoor stockpile next to your gate that will accept all refuse except bones, shells, skins and skulls, and then one or more indoor pile(s) near your craftsdwarf's workshop that will '''only''' accept these things. If you have set the option for dwarves to gather refuse from outside, the bones will be brought in once all the meat has rotted off of any carcasses outside. This means added risk to your dwarves if they try to gather refuse that is far from your gate, and additional hauling.

Another effective use of custom stockpiles is Elven trading. Make a stockpile just for elf-safe trade goods: most categories where it is relevant have a 'materials' option. Note, however, that items with [[wood]]en [[decoration]]s will '''not''' be excluded. Similarly, [[noble]]s who frequently [[mandate]] restricted trading can have their preferred goods stored separately, far away from the [[trade depot]].

A highly efficient method is to have wood burning furnaces feeding into a '[[charcoal]] only' bar/blocks stockpile, which in turn is near the smelting furnaces and forges. Bonus points if you also place a small wood stockpile near the wood furnaces.

Other good uses:
* Planter's stock: [[seed|seeds]] and [[potash]]. If your [[ashery]] is nearby, include ashes and lye.
* Smelter stock: [[ore|ores]], [[flux]] and, unless you're using [[Magma smelter]], [[coal]].
* Sandpile: [[sand]] bags.
* Dyer's stock: a food stockpile that only includes [[dye|dyes]].
* Food Plus: a food stockpile that includes barrels. This spares your dwarves from carrying empty barrels to and from the furniture stores.
* Skins: a refuse stockpile limited to [[skin|skins]], a bit like the bone & shell stockpile above. Place near the tannery.
* Brewer's stock: [[List of crops|brewable plants]].
* Miller's stock: [[List of crops|millable plants]]. (An empty [[bag]] stockpile will also speed up milling.)
* Refreshment stand: Since dwarves drink twice as often as they eat, having several small food stockpiles that only accept [[Alcohol|drinks]] scattered strategically through your fort can minimize [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoko smoko breaks]. The usefulness of this kind of stockpile is often disputed as dwarves go to the fullest barrel first, so if you can't keep your stockpile constantly filled with new full barrels of alcohol your masons might decide to run all the way over to the alcohol stockpile you have set up for your brewers or your metalsmiths. If you can keep each stockpile constantly filled with fresh supplies of full barrels of alcohol then this can increase productivity greatly. A simple way of doing this is by keeping a brewery near each separate alcohol stockpile, or [[burrow]]ing dwarves so that local stockpile is the only one they can [[path]] to.
* Artifact materials: The massive value and effectiveness of [[artifact|artifacts]] mean the materials used in them can have drastic effects, sometimes even into the ''[[Value|millions]]''. Having special stockpiles for high-value metals, stones, gems, and other such materials will make it that much easier to ensure that you will get the most out of each [[strange mood]]. (However, even with materials-specific stockpiles, it can take a fair amount of micromanagement to get a moody dwarf to use a specific material.)
* Artifact storage: Artifacts add a great deal to the created wealth of the fortress. Keep valuable artifacts safe in a special "treasure" stockpile.
* Ingredients: Store things that are cookable but not edible, like milk and quarry bush leaves, near [[kitchen]]s. Also, more [[rot|volatile]] foods (such as [[meat]]) can be stored closer to your kitchen to encourage your cooks to use them quickly.
* [[Stone carver]]'s stone: Linking a single- or limited-type stone stockpile to a [[stoneworker's workshop]] allows you to specify exactly which [[stone]] your stone carvers will use, providing consistent output (and increased [[value]] if using [[economic stone]]). Additionally, if your stone carver has a [[preference]] for a particular stone, you can increase output [[quality]] by having him work with that stone.
* Finished goods stockpiles near a Trade Depot that includes crafts that you want to sell, but excludes ordinary clothing, backpacks, waterskins, splints and crutches that you want your dwarves to use.

==Bugs==
* Gem stockpiles' material option for clay is hidden in the UI {{Bug|9749}}.
* [[Hauling]] blocks access to items stored in [[container]]s; consider creating container-less "feeder" stockpiles linked to your storage stockpiles.
* [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=92241.msg3276117#msg3276117 Research] has suggested that stockpiles are a significant cause of [[Maximizing framerate|lag]]; see [[Exploit#Quantum_stockpiles|Quantum Stockpiles]] for designs that minimize stockpile tiles.
* Disabling "Additional Options" in the stockpile menu is a common source of stockpile problems.

==Troubleshooting==
Getting dwarves to haul items to a stockpile is a frequent source of frustration. Here are some things to check:

* Do you have idle dwarves?
** Do the idle dwarves have the appropriate hauling labors enabled?
** Are the idle dwarves constantly taking and cancelling other jobs?
* Do you have a stockpile that wants this item?
** Is there an empty spot in the stockpile?
*** Note that hidden items and wheelbarrows tie up stockpile tiles.
** Can the idle dwarves path to the stockpile and the item?
** Is the stockpile set to accept from anywhere, not just links?
** Check both the item's type and its material, in stockpiles that can filter materials.
** Check that the armor/weapon stockpile setting is "usable" and/or "unusable" as appropriate.
** Check that "Additional Options" are set correctly to allow the desired items.
* Is the item unforbidden?
* Is the item accessible (no civilian alert, burrows, etc.)?
* Is the item not owned by any dwarf?
* Is the item not tasked for a job?
* Is the item not assigned for use in any buildings/constructions?
* Check your standing orders (o), and make sure this kind of item can be gathered.
** For refuse, make sure dwarves are allowed to gather refuse that is "outside" (o r).
* Does the stockpile have wheelbarrows assigned? If so, are they all in use?
* If the item normally goes in a container, do you have suitable unused containers?
* Is the item claimed by a location (hospital, tavern, library, temple)?

{{V50 menus}}
{{Category|Stockpiles|*}}
{{Category|Items}}
[[ru:Stockpile]]

Using bins and barrels

2023-06-19T20:56:13Z

Magistrum: Removed mention of {{bug|2706}} since it is fixed as of version .50.08 when I tested it.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
{{buggy}}
Ordinarily, each item or stack (e.g. ≡Dwarven Ale Stew [12]≡) of items occupies one space of [[stockpile]] room. You can consolidate stockpile space by making [[bin]]s, [[barrel]]s and [[large pot|pots]] that can hold many items at once. Barrels and pots store [[food]] and [[alcohol]]; bins can store many types of smaller items, such as [[finished goods]], [[metal]] [[bar]]s, [[ammo]], and [[gem]]s. Building a steady supply of [[container]]s helps reduce the space you need for storage. If resources permit, it's very easy to keep a nominal amount of bins and/or barrels available by using [[Manager]] work orders.

==Food storage==

Food can be stored in [[barrel]]s and [[large pot|pots]]. Each barrel or large pot can hold up to 60 total units. Each unit in a stack counts towards the total storage.

Foods will only be stored together if they're from the same category. For example, dwarves will never mix plants and meat in the same barrel.

One thing to note about storing [[seed]]s is that [[bag]]s are required to put seeds in. These bags will then be placed inside the barrel or pot. Otherwise, the dwarves will end up with one seed per tile. Furthermore, as seeds will rot outside of a stockpile, you may find that your fortress is not getting seeds from the plants you're consuming when the food stockpile is full. Get your textile industry started early; you may want to avoid milling plants until it ramps up. [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=79168.msg2055095#msg2055095]

==Drink storage==

[[Alcohol]] must be [[brewer|brewed]] into either a barrel or pot. Each container can hold a single stack of alcohol. Larger batches should be, but aren't, split across multiple containers automatically.

You can empty a container of alcohol by drinking, cooking, shotgunning it out of a minecart, trading or application of extreme cold that destroys the container.

==Goods storage==

Most non-food items can be stored in [[bin]]s; the quantity allowed depends upon the items stored. Each bin can store up to 10 [[bar]]s or [[block]]s, while 30 or more small [[craft]]s may fit into a single bin. This might have changed in newer versions of the game.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Good !! Bin Capacity
|-
| Bars/Block || 10
|-
| Bolts || 400
|-
| Coins || 193 (stacks of 500)
|-
| Cloth || 303
|-
| Leather || 45
|-
| Small Gems || 305
|-
| Thread || 205
|}

==Managing stockpiles directly==

It is possible to set whether bins can be used in a stockpile with {{k|q}} → {{k|C}}/{{k|V}}. For barrels, {{k|E}} and {{k|R}} are used instead of C and V. By default, bins are used for Bar/[[Block]], ammo, gems, finished goods, [[cloth]] and [[leather]] stockpiles, and barrels are used for food stockpiles. Also by default, the stockpiles that use barrels or bins to store other items will permit a barrel or bin on each of their spaces. You can override this by specifying the maximum number of barrels and bins that an individual stockpile is allowed to utilize, using {{k|q}} → {{k|c}}/{{k|v}} and {{k|e}}/{{k|r}} to decrease and increase the limits.

==Reserving containers for other tasks==

"Reserved Barrels/Bins" is a global setting that reserves a certain number of barrels or bins, preventing them from being claimed by a stockpile until they are filled by a Workshop that requires their use. This feature is most often used to ensure that a fortress has ample empty barrels for the production of alcohol, although empty barrels are also necessary for other jobs. You can change this setting in the stockpile menu {{k|p}}. If there are 5 reserved barrels, no stockpile will claim an empty barrel until you have at least 6 lying around. In this way you can ensure that jobs like making alcohol always have free barrels available.

In the case of barrels necessary for producing alcohol and [[dwarven syrup]], they do not have to be located on a [[furniture]] stockpile. This is because the "Store Item in <container>" task only looks at furniture stockpiles for available containers. Normal production tasks behave as mentioned earlier, they will just grab the nearest barrel. You can exert some limited control over this by setting a number of reserved barrels; however, you cannot set where these barrels will be.

Though it is possible to reserve bins, there is no advantage in doing so, as no workshop tasks require empty bins.

==Bin/Barrel reassignment==

If you have a limited number of barrels and pots (possibly due to a lumber and stone shortage because you're playing in a [[Fun]] place like the tundra) and your food stockpile is using too many barrels and you need some for booze, or if for some reason the opposite is true, you can force the dwarves through a series of steps to have the barrels switch from one stockpile to another. Assume you have too much barrelled food and you need barrels for booze. First, designate a small [[Activity_zone#Garbage_Dump|garbage dump]] zone nearby. Then set the maximum barrel limit on the food stockpile way down--possibly to zero. Don't worry, the existing barrels won't be dumped as a result. Now view a barrel and then once inside, view each individual food item and set it to {{k|d}} for dump (but do not dump the barrel itself). The dwarves will take the food from the barrel and throw it into the garbage zone, and once the barrel is empty they will immediately move it to a furniture stockpile because the food stockpile barrel limit is exceeded already. Now you have a free barrel with which to [[brewing|brew]]. You can reclaim the food from the garbage dump now, and the dwarves will do what they can to store it. Be warned that this might end up being on the floor in the stockpile which could attract flies. Remember to set the barrel limit on the food stockpile back up to some reasonable level if you get your hands on some new barrels.

A faster way to dump the contents of a barrel or bin is to use designations. {{k|d|b|d}}, then select the barrels or bins you wish to dump. The container and all of its contents will be dumped separately. Then simply {{k|d|b|c}} to reclaim the items once they are in the dump.

This trick does not work on [[artifact]]s as these cannot be dumped. One way to remove artifacts from a bin is to select them for display on a [[pedestal]].

==Barrel and bin material==
Heavy barrels and bins slow down hauling, so it is wise to make them from light materials when possible. Even the heaviest types of [[wood]] are lighter than any metal (excluding [[adamantine]]) - the wood of [[feather tree]]s is the best of all. As an alternative, you can place small "feeder" [[stockpile]]s that disallow barrels/bins and link them to larger storage stockpiles nearby to greatly reduce the distance traveled while carrying a heavy container.

[[Metal]] barrels are supposedly better for food stockpiles because they resist [[vermin]]; unfortunately there is no good way to convince your dwarves to allocate metal barrels for food storage aside from using them exclusively.

The material of the container also determines whether the container is [[fire-safe]] and [[magma-safe]].

== Bugs ==

* Hauling jobs block access to all the items in the destination containers until the hauling is complete. This often results in cancellation spam and work delays.{{bug|9004}} One workaround is creating a "feeder stockpile" with containers disabled.

* Items in bins are sometimes not found for tasks.{{bug|8755}}

==See also==
* [[Storage]]

{{Farming FAQ}}
{{Category|Stockpiles}}
[[ru:Using bins and barrels]]

Bin

2023-06-19T20:48:28Z

Magistrum: Removed mention of {{bug|2706}} since it is fixed as of version .50.08 when I tested it.

{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
{{v50_furniture|name=Bin
|tile=X|col=0:6:0
|graphic=[[File:bin premium.png]]
|wood=y
|metal=y
|glass=n
|cloth=n
|leather=n
|ceramic=n
|bone=n
|shell=n
|gem=n
|wax=n
|used for=
* Storage
}}

{{Translation
| dwarven = osed
| elvish = masa
| goblin = sputo
| human = itlud
}}

A '''bin''' is a specially made basket for certain [[stockpile]]s. A bin can be made from one [[wood|wooden log]] at a [[carpenter's workshop]] or forged from 3 [[metal]] [[bar]]s at a [[forge]]. Bins make it possible to store lots of objects into one tile of a stockpile. A stockpile without a bin will likely fill up fast, leaving any remaining items where they are to get in the way. When a bin is empty, the sprite will be that of an empty bin with no lid, whereas a bin with one item or more will have a lid, albeit slightly tilted.

Bins are therefore incredibly useful to a maturing fortress. The best material for bins is generally [[wood]], because wooden bins are the lightest bins and will therefore save your haulers' time. Of course, if you intend to use bins next to a volcano or something equally [[fire|hot]], you may want to use metal bins.

If your fort suffers from a lack of wood but charcoal is also your only [[fuel]] source, producing metal instead of wooden bins will actually '''increase''' your wood consumption. Forging each bin will cost one unit of fuel and smelting the metal bars will also require fuel. Charcoal is produced at a rate of one bar per log. You can only reduce wood consumption by making metal bins if you use coke or [[magma]] to heat your smelters and forges.

Stockpiles that use bins are [[ammunition|ammo]], [[armor]], [[bar]]s/[[block]]s, [[cloth]], [[Currency|coins]], [[finished goods]], [[gems]], [[leather]] and [[weapon]]s. [[Food]] stockpiles use [[barrel]]s and [[large pot]]s instead of bins. Other stockpiles do not use anything at all.

Bins are a fast way to transport trade goods to a [[trade depot]]. Instead of carrying the individual item, the dwarf will haul the whole container for trade. Though if the contents inside are heavy, it will still take a long time.

For information on managing bins in stockpiles, see [[using bins and barrels]].

Melted metal bins return a single bar.

[[File:Wood (2942371043).jpg|thumb|A large number of wooden bins stacked upon each other.]]

== Bugs ==

* Hauling jobs block access to all the items in the destination containers until the hauling is complete. This often results in cancellation spam and work delays.{{bug|9004}} One workaround is creating a "feeder stockpile" with containers disabled.

* Items in bins are sometimes not found for tasks.{{bug|8755}}

== See also ==
* [[Storage]]

[[ru:Bin]]

Ammunition

2023-06-19T20:45:13Z

Magistrum: Removed mention of {{bug|2706}} since it is fixed as of version .50.08 when I tested it.

{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
:''{{for/see|ammunition used with siege engines|[[Siege engine]]}}
[[File:ammo_preview.png|thumb|270px|right|The best use for ammo: hurting others. 🏹]]'''Ammunition''' is the collective term for projectiles that can be fired from ranged [[weapon]]s such as crossbows and blowguns. Ammunition is stored in ammunition [[stockpile]]s and carried in [[quiver]]s. Ammunition may also refer to the stones and [[Ballista arrow]] fired from siege engines; for more information about these weapons, see the [[siege engine]] article.

Ammunition for foreign weapons like [[bow]]s and [[blowgun]]s is also considered foreign, and cannot be manufactured in the fortress.

All ammunition has "EDGE" [[attack types]]; this means that sharper [[metal]] or other sharp [[material]]s are better for ammunition purposes. As projectiles, however, ammunition is also affected by the density of the material and the volume of the individual arrow, bolt, or dart.

When dwarves with [[bolt]]s or [[arrow]]s stuck in their bodies are treated in a [[hospital]], the removed ammunition will be left in their beds.

==Ammunition table==

There are three types of ammunition in ''Dwarf Fortress'': bolts, arrows, and blowdarts, each fired from a different weapon.

{| class="wikitable" border="border"
|-
! Type
! Size
! Contact Area
! Penetration
! Weapon Used
! Skill Used
! Craftable
! Used by
|-
| [[Bolt]]
| 150
| 5
| 1000
| [[Crossbow]]
| [[Crossbowman]]
| Yes ([[Weaponsmith|metal]], [[Wood crafter|wood]], [[Bone carver|bone]])
| [[Dwarf]], [[Goblin]], [[Human]]
|-
| [[Arrow]]
| 150
| 5
| 1000
| [[Bow]]
| [[Bowman]]
| No
| [[Elf]], [[Goblin]], [[Human]], [[Kobold]]
|-
| [[Blowdart]]
| 20
| 1
| 50
| [[Blowgun]]
| [[Blowgunner]]
| No
| [[Animal people]]
|}

== Effectiveness ==
Projectiles made of different [[material]]s have different levels of effectiveness, depending on the situation. Likely factors in this are the [[weight]] of the ammunition and the [[material science|physical properties of the material]] in combat. The type of ammunition and the weapon used to fire the ammunition may also have an effect on the potential damage possible.

In practice, almost all metal bolts perform well, though there is some advantage in using a bolt of a "better" weapon material than the opponent's [[armor]] (quicker lethality), and some advantage in using a bolt with a higher density (faster incapacitation). The forum thread [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=116151.0 Dwarven Research: A Comparison Study on the Effectiveness of Bolts vs Armors] has a comprehensive comparison and discussion.

Projectiles are more likely to be blocked than parried.{{cite forum|169696/8385967}}

Blowgun darts are noticeably less effective than bolts or arrows. This is due to them having a light weight and a small size compared to other ammo types. They almost never manage to pierce armor and are stopped even by clothing, unless the darts are made of metal.

Subterranean animal tribes, the main users of blowguns, do not have access to metal, so you will never see non-wooden blowdarts normally.
==Bugs==
* Marksdwarves may not equip ammunition if the squad they are in was not assigned the default "Archer" uniform when it was created.{{bug|0012008}}

==See also==
* [[Archery]]

{{Weapons}}
{{category|Ammo|*}}
[[ru:Ammunition]]

Wood furnace

2023-06-03T23:58:53Z

Magistrum: Removed mentions of ash and charcoal being used as a building materials as they cannot be used as a building material anymore.

{{migrated article}}
{{Furnace|name=Wood furnace|key=w|job=[[Wood burner]]
|construction=
* [[Fire-safe]] [[building material]] (non-[[economic]])
|construction_job={{Material-specific building labors|stone,metal}}
|use=
* [[Wood]]
|production=
* [[Ash]]
* [[Charcoal]]}}
{{av}}{{Quality|Unrated}}

A '''wood furnace''' is a specialized form of [[furnace]] designed to burn fresh [[wood]]. Unlike the other non-[[magma]] furnaces, a wood furnace does not require fuel to operate.

==Uses==
Any dwarf with the [[wood burner]] [[labor]] enabled can burn a single log in order to produce either [[ash]] or [[charcoal]]. While it's hardly efficient, charcoal serves as the most ubiquitous form of [[fuel]] available to run a [[metal industry]] on. Ash sees use in multiple industries, such as [[glazing]] [[earthenware]] items, advanced [[glassmaking]], [[farm plot|crop fertilization]], and [[soap]] production.

==Construction==
Wood furnaces can be built from any [[fire-safe]] material. The overall value of the wood furnace building helps determine the strength of the good thought dwarves receive when admiring it. This value is determined by both the value of the material used in its construction, as well as the quality of the builder's efforts. {{Verify|is this still true in v50, now that architecture is gone?}}

==Minimalist start==
For players trying to maximize the value of their embark points, you may wish to avoid bringing finished [[battle axe]]s or [[pick]]s, choosing instead to bring metal ore, an anvil and fuel with you, so you can forge them yourself. Including a wood furnace can be extremely useful here, allowing you to turn logs into fuel much more cheaply than bringing coke, but you will need to bring a [[fire-safe]] stone for the [[furnaces]] and the [[Metalsmith's forge]]."

{{Translation| dwarven = lolum sarvesh | elvish = ave lethari | goblin = dôr usmza | human = pado nganiz}}

{{Workshops}}
[[Ru:Wood furnace]]

Pearlash

2023-06-02T21:21:37Z

Magistrum: Removed mentions of pearlash being used as a building material as it cannot be used as a building material anymore.

{{migrated article}}
{{av}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}

{{infostart|}}
{{infoheader|Properties}}
{{infocell|
* [[Material value]] 4
{{firemagmasafe|yes|yes}}
* [[Melting point]] None
* [[Boiling point]] None
* [[Ignition point]] None
* [[Solid density]] 1200
* [[Specific heat]] 800
}}
{{infoend}}

'''Pearlash''' is a [[wood industry|wood-based]] product which is used primarily in the manufacture of [[clear glass|clear]] and [[crystal glass]].

==Producing pearlash==
Pearlash can be created at a [[kiln]] or [[magma kiln]] by a dwarf with the [[furnace operator]] labor enabled. Doing so requires one unit of [[potash]], as well as whatever [[fuel]] is necessary to run the kiln. Pearlash is actually one of the most labor intensive products in the game to produce, requiring you to burn one unit of [[wood]] to [[ash]] at a [[wood furnace]], then convert the ash to [[potash]] at an [[ashery]] just to acquire the input material used in its creation.

Pearlash is produced in [[bar]]s with no quality level. These bars can be stored in bar [[stockpile]]s, and are viewable in the stocks screen under "bars."

==Uses==
Pearlash's primary use is to allow the production of [[clear glass]] (also requires [[sand]]) and [[crystal glass]] (also requires [[rock crystal]]) at a [[glass furnace]] or [[magma glass furnace]].

==Real world==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearlash Pearlash] (or salt of tartar) is a more refined form of potash. Historically, this fine white powder was produced by burning away potash's impurities in a kiln. It was used in glassmaking, china, and soap production, and has many widespread uses today.

[[File:pearlash.jpg|thumb|230px|center|A small dish of pearlash.]]

{{Translation| dwarven = kovest-ibruk | elvish = amayi-imeri | goblin = obasp-usmdas | human = kima-cish}}

{{gamedata|{{raw|DF2014:hardcoded_materials.txt|MATERIAL|PEARLASH}}}}
{{materials}}

{{Category|Materials}}
[[ru:Pearlash]]

Potash

2023-06-02T21:20:39Z

Magistrum: Removed mentions of potash being used as a building material as it cannot be used as a building material anymore.

{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}

{{infostart|}}
{{infoheader|Properties}}
{{infocell|
* [[Material value]] 3
{{firemagmasafe|yes|yes}}
* [[Melting point]] None
* [[Boiling point]] None
* [[Ignition point]] None
* [[Solid density]] 1200
* [[Specific heat]] 800
}}
{{infoend}}
[[File:Potash.png|thumb|Three Bars of Potash and a Bar of ash]]

'''Potash''' is a [[wood industry|wood-based]] product which has applications in [[farming]], as well as production of mid- and high-end [[glass industry|glass]] products.

==Producing potash==
Potash can be created at an [[ashery]] by a [[dwarf]] with the [[potash maker]] labor enabled. This process requires one unit of either [[ash]] or [[lye]], though as lye is produced from ash, going that route is less efficient with no added benefit. As ash must be produced by [[wood burner|burning logs]] at a [[wood furnace]], production of one unit of potash requires one unit of wood and two (ash route) or three (lye route) actions.

Potash is produced in [[bars]] with no quality level. These bars can be stored in bar [[stockpile]]s, and are viewable in the stocks screen under "bars."

==Uses==
Potash can be used to [[Farming#Yield and Fertilization|fertilize]] a [[farm plot]], increasing the stack size of harvested plants. Doing so can help cut down on the need for large farms, which may result in less labor overall.

Alternatively, potash can be further processed into [[pearlash]] at a [[kiln]] or [[magma kiln]]. This material is necessary if you wish to produce [[glass]] products of [[clear glass|clear]] or [[crystal glass|crystal]] quality. Because potash is a wood-based product, [[elves]] will refuse to [[trade]] it.

==Real world==
[[Wikipedia:Potash|Potash]] refers to a wide variety of potassium-bearing salts, first produced in roughly 500 CE. In modern times, they are used primarily in production of fertilizer, though they were once part of glass and soap production. While modern production methods have developed, this substance was once produced by soaking plant ash in a pot full of water, thus the name ''pot-ash'', which in turn gives the name to the element ''potassium''.

[[File:potash_preview.jpg|thumb|250px|center|Potash in real life.]]

{{Translation| dwarven = tezad-ibruk | elvish = momo-imeri | goblin = ag-usmdas | human = utag-cish}}

{{gamedata|{{raw|DF2014:hardcoded_materials.txt|MATERIAL|POTASH}}}}
{{materials}}

{{Category|Materials}}
{{category|Agriculture}}
[[ru:Potash]]

Magma-safe

2023-06-02T20:48:47Z

Magistrum: Return 'ash' category, as they are still magma-safe even if not usable as building material.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
{{Material properties}}
'''Magma-safe materials''' are materials which will not melt, burn, evaporate, or otherwise take damage when in close contact with [[magma]]. Most frequently, this comes into play when using [[floodgate]]s operated by [[mechanism]]s, or when operating a [[screw pump|magma pump]].

For [[reaction]]s and custom buildings using the [MAGMA_BUILD_SAFE] token, only a material which is solid and stable at the temperature {{ct|12000}} (i.e. MELTING_POINT/BOILING_POINT/IGNITE_POINT/HEATDAM_POINT greater than 12000 and COLDDAM_POINT less than 12000) is considered magma-safe.

In order to construct mechanisms, blocks or other pump components from a magma-safe material, you have several choices:
# You can specify a magma-safe rock for your [[mechanisms]] and other components at the workshops by clicking the detail (magnifying glass) icon next to the order.{{version|0.42.06}}
# Build your mechanisms out of [[iron]] or [[steel]].
# Build your pump components out of iron, steel, [[glass]], or [[nether-cap]].
# Place a [[stockpile]] with the desired stones around your [[mechanic's workshop]] and set it to "Give To a Pile/Workshop".
# Use a [[burrow]] that contains only the workshop and the desired materials.
# Simply ensure that the desired materials are the closest available to your worker. This does not always work, but is usually good enough if you request several jobs, hoping that at least one uses the correct material.

When linking a trigger to an object, the ''first'' mechanism selected is attached to the object, and the ''second'' is attached to the trigger. Unless the trigger itself will be submerged in magma (as could be the case with a [[pressure plate]]), only the first mechanism (attached to the object that will be submerged) needs to be magma-safe. If you do not have any magma-safe stones available, you can also work around floodgate-based flow control by using [[screw pump]]s to pump the magma over [[wall]]-barriers, or using water to form [[obsidian]] to plug flows and channel through them to reopen them (necessity and invention and all that).

This property is also relevant when choosing the appropriate method for disposing of unneeded items, which can impact [[FPS]] when in large numbers. Items made of non magma-safe materials can be simply dumped into magma, which is the easiest disposal method; however, magma-safe items will need more [[Dwarven atom smasher|drastic]] measures. For instance, wooden floodgate will hold back magma indefinitely if it stays closed (it'll only catch fire once it's opened), and a wooden drawbridge will only hold back magma if it's against its outer edge (e.g. if it raises to the right, then lava flowing from the left onto the "center" of the bridge will very quickly burn it up).

Constructions that resist magma are:

* Constructions ([[Wall]], [[Floor]], [[Ramp]], and [[Stairs]]) of any material can never melt or burn - there is nothing wrong with a [[wood]]en magma reservoir. Natural (i.e. non-constructed) [[ice]] walls/floors/ramps/stairs will melt if exposed to sufficient heat.
* [[Fortification]]s will allow the passage of [[magma]]; however, if fortifications fill up to 7/7 depth, magma creatures will be able to swim freely through them.
* If not submerged (that is, not opened to let magma flow over/past/around them), [[door]]s, [[floodgate]]s, and raised [[bridge]]s (provided that there is no magma on the space the bridge would occupy when lowered) of non-magma-safe stone or metal are safe. So long as they are just in contact with magma, only acting as a passive "wall", they are fine. If opened, they will melt.
** Raised drawbridges have a notable exception, in that allowing magma to flow over the center of the area that the bridge would normally occupy when lowered ''will'' cause the bridge's components to heat up and potentially melt.
* A [[pump]] made with magma-safe material for pipes, screws and blocks is fully magma-safe, and will not melt even when submerged in magma. Pumps containing any item that is not magma safe will be destroyed after prolonged operation.

== Game calculations ==
In the game, magma's temperature is exactly {{ct|12000}}.

The chance of striking a magma-safe stone is roughly around 32%, not including the natural abundance of certain stone. It is important to note whether or not your fortress may already have access to magma-safe resources before attempting to deliberately find some.

==Magma-safe material==

The following materials will not melt when submerged in magma. Although true for any item/construction, it's worth specifically mentioning that this includes [[door]]s, [[floor hatch]]es, [[floodgate]]s, [[bridge]]s, [[screw pump]]s, [[pipe section]]s, and [[mechanism]]s.


{{MS table head}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Alunite]]|Appear=[[File:alunite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=13,690°U (3722°F/2051°C)|Where=All [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Anhydrite]]|Appear=[[File:anhydrite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}|Temp=12,610°U (2642°F/1450°C)|Where=[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Basalt]]|Appear=[[File:basalt_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,160°U (2192°F/1200°C)|Where=[[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Bauxite]]|Appear=[[File:bauxite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2000°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|Notes=dark red}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Calcite]]|Appear=[[File:calcite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=12,902°U (2934°F/1613°C)|Where=[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|Notes=[[flux]] stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Chert]]|Appear=[[File:chert_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}|Temp=13,101°U (3133°F/1723°C)|Where=[[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Chromite]]|Appear=[[File:chromite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=13,645°U (3677°F/2026°C)|Where=[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Dolomite]]|Appear=[[File:dolomite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|`|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=16,507°U (6539°F/3619°C)|Where=[[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]] layer stone|Notes=[[Flux]], Highest melting point of any common stone.}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Gabbro]]|Appear=[[File:gabbro_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,160°U (2192°F/1200°C)|Where=[[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Ilmenite]]|Appear=[[File:ilmenite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,457°U (2489°F/1365°C)|Where=[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Kaolinite]]|Appear=[[File:kaolinite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}|Temp=13,150°U (3182°F/1751°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|Notes=dark red, [[porcelain]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Mica]]|Appear=[[File:mica_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,295°U (2327°F/1275°C)|Where=All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Obsidian]]|Appear=[[File:obsidian_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Where=[[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]] layer stone|Notes=value 3, can be "[[obsidian farming|manufactured]]"}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Olivine]]|Appear=[[File:olivine_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}|Temp=13,168°U (3200°F/1761°C)|Where=[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|Notes=green}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Orthoclase]]|Appear=[[File:orthoclase_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}|Temp=12,250°U (2282°F/1250°C)|Where=All [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|Notes=yellow}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Periclase]]|Appear=[[File:periclase_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=15,040°U (5072°F/2803°C)|Where=[[Marble]]'''(S)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Petrified wood]]|Appear=[[File:petrified_wood_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}|Temp=12,970°U (3002°F/1650°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|Notes=bright red density = 22006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Pitchblende]]|Appear=[[File:pitchblende_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}|Temp=12,070°U (2102°F/1149°C)|Where=[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|Notes=purple density = 76006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Quartzite]]|Appear=[[File:quartzite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=12,970°U (3002°F/1650°C)|Where=[[Metamorphic]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Rutile]]|Appear=[[File:rutile_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|`|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}|Temp=13,285°U (3214°F/1826°C)|Where=All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|Notes=purple}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Sandstone]]|Appear=[[File:sandstone_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}|Temp=12,070°U (2102°F/1149°C)|Where=[[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Talc]]|Appear=[[File:talc_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=12,700°U (2732°F/1500°C)|Where=[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Adamantine]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|3:3:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|3:1}}|Temp=25,000°U (15,032°F/8333°C)|Notes=Highest value/utility material in game density = 2006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Iron]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|0:1}}|Temp=12,768°U (2800°F/1538°C)|Notes=Armor/weapons density = 78506}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Nickel]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:3:0}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0}}|Temp=12,619°U (2651°F/1455°C density = 88006)}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Pig iron]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|0:1}}|Temp=12,106°U (2138°F/1170°C)|Notes=used in steel making process density = 78506}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Platinum]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:1}}|Temp=13,182°U (3214°F/1768°C)|Notes=High value metal density = 21,4006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Steel]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|0:1}}|Temp=12,718°U (2750°F/1510°C)|Notes=Armor/weapons density = 78506}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Divine metal]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0}}|Temp=None|Notes=Found only in [[vault]]s and in geodes deep underground density = 10006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Cassiterite]]|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery2_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|*|6:0}}|Temp=12,025°U (2057°F/1124°C)|Where=[[Granite]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[tin]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Galena]]|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|7:1}}|Temp=12,005°U (2037°F/1113°C)|Where=All [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)''', [[Granite]]'''(V)''', [[Limestone]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[lead]] and [[silver]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Hematite]]3|Appear=[[File:ore_red_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:0}}|Temp=12,736°U (2768°F/1520°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)''', All [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[iron]]3}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Magnetite]]3|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery2_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|~|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|0:1}}|Temp=12,768°U (2800°F/1538°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|Notes=Ore of [[iron]]3}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Native platinum]]|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|7:1}}|Temp=13,182°U (3214°F/1768°C)|Where=[[Olivine]]'''(V)''', [[Magnetite]]'''(V)''', [[Chromite]]'''(S)'''|Notes=Ore of [[platinum]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=''[[Sphalerite]]''4|Appear=[[File:ore_magenta_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|0:1}}|Temp=''12,133°U (2165°F/1185°C)''|Where=All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[zinc]]4}}

{{MS table row|Type=Wood|Matl=[[Nether-cap]]5|Appear={{Raw Tile|♠|1:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|▬|1:0:0}}|Temp=N/A|Where=[[Cavern]] (depth 3)|Notes=Naturally cold5}}

{{MS table row|Type=Special|Matl=[[Raw adamantine]]|Appear=[[File:Raw_adamantine_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|3:1}}|Temp=25,000°U (15,032°F/8333°C)|Where=The depths|Notes=Ore of [[adamantine]]}}
{{MS table row|Type=Special|Matl=[[Slade]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|░|0:0:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|0:1}}|Temp=None|Where=The depths|Notes=Intended to be unmineable}}

{{MS table row|Type=Leather|Matl=[[Fire imp]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|ß|6:0:0}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Bone|Matl=[[Fire imp]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|²|7:1}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Bone|Matl=[[Dragon]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|²|7:1}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Soap|Matl=[[Fire imp]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|≡|7:1}}|Temp=15,000°U (5032°F/2780°C)|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Soap|Matl=[[Dragon]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|≡|7:1}}|Temp=55,000°U (45032°F/25,044°C)|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Glass|Matl=[[Glass|Green glass]]|Appear=[[File:Green_glass_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|X|2:2:1}} {{Raw Tile|■|2:0}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Glass|Matl=[[Glass|Clear glass]]|Appear=[[File:Clear_crystal_glass.png]] / {{Raw Tile|X|3:3:1}} {{Raw Tile|■|3:0}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Glass|Matl=[[Glass|Crystal glass]]|Appear=[[File:Clear_crystal_glass.png]] / {{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|■|7:1}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ash|Matl=[[Ash]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0:0}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Ash|Matl=[[Potash]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0:1}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Ash|Matl=[[Pearlash]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0:1}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}
|}

'''Notes:'''
: 1) Each stone is one of 16 [[color scheme|colors]] in the game. Different un-mined stone of the same color have a different symbol to distinguish between them. Once mined, the individual stones themselves can sometimes look identical if the color is the same. Click to look at items or mouse over the terrain for specific information.
: 2) '''°U''' = degrees in [[Main:Urist|Urist]], the measure of temperature within the ''Dwarf Fortress'' world. As far as is known, there is no functional difference between a material that melts at {{ct|12005}} or {{ct|55000}} — they are both equally "magma safe".
: 3) There are three iron ores in the game (four if you count [[Goblinite]]). Of these, only [[hematite]] and [[magnetite]] are magma safe.
: 4) Sphalerite has ''no'' melting point, but ''sublimates'' at {{ct|12133}}. This still qualifies as being magma-safe.
: 5) [[Nether-cap]] logs have a fixed temperature of {{ct|10000}}, rendering them fully magma safe, except that nether-cap products [[dump]]ed into magma are destroyed.
: 6) For when weight is a consideration, one way or the other. Petrified Wood and Pitchblende are notable as the least and most dense non-economic magma-safe stones, with all the others listed above weighing very close to 2650, the generic "stone density". See [[Density]] for full table and discussion.

{{Category|Physics}}
{{Category|Magma safe materials| }}
[[Ru:Magma-safe]]

Magma-safe

2023-06-02T19:55:20Z

Magistrum: Removed the 'ash' category, as ash/potash/pearlash cannot be used as building materials anymore.

{{migrated article}}
{{Quality|Unrated}}
{{av}}
{{Material properties}}
'''Magma-safe materials''' are materials which will not melt, burn, evaporate, or otherwise take damage when in close contact with [[magma]]. Most frequently, this comes into play when using [[floodgate]]s operated by [[mechanism]]s, or when operating a [[screw pump|magma pump]].

For [[reaction]]s and custom buildings using the [MAGMA_BUILD_SAFE] token, only a material which is solid and stable at the temperature {{ct|12000}} (i.e. MELTING_POINT/BOILING_POINT/IGNITE_POINT/HEATDAM_POINT greater than 12000 and COLDDAM_POINT less than 12000) is considered magma-safe.

In order to construct mechanisms, blocks or other pump components from a magma-safe material, you have several choices:
# You can specify a magma-safe rock for your [[mechanisms]] and other components at the workshops by clicking the detail (magnifying glass) icon next to the order.{{version|0.42.06}}
# Build your mechanisms out of [[iron]] or [[steel]].
# Build your pump components out of iron, steel, [[glass]], or [[nether-cap]].
# Place a [[stockpile]] with the desired stones around your [[mechanic's workshop]] and set it to "Give To a Pile/Workshop".
# Use a [[burrow]] that contains only the workshop and the desired materials.
# Simply ensure that the desired materials are the closest available to your worker. This does not always work, but is usually good enough if you request several jobs, hoping that at least one uses the correct material.

When linking a trigger to an object, the ''first'' mechanism selected is attached to the object, and the ''second'' is attached to the trigger. Unless the trigger itself will be submerged in magma (as could be the case with a [[pressure plate]]), only the first mechanism (attached to the object that will be submerged) needs to be magma-safe. If you do not have any magma-safe stones available, you can also work around floodgate-based flow control by using [[screw pump]]s to pump the magma over [[wall]]-barriers, or using water to form [[obsidian]] to plug flows and channel through them to reopen them (necessity and invention and all that).

This property is also relevant when choosing the appropriate method for disposing of unneeded items, which can impact [[FPS]] when in large numbers. Items made of non magma-safe materials can be simply dumped into magma, which is the easiest disposal method; however, magma-safe items will need more [[Dwarven atom smasher|drastic]] measures. For instance, wooden floodgate will hold back magma indefinitely if it stays closed (it'll only catch fire once it's opened), and a wooden drawbridge will only hold back magma if it's against its outer edge (e.g. if it raises to the right, then lava flowing from the left onto the "center" of the bridge will very quickly burn it up).

Constructions that resist magma are:

* Constructions ([[Wall]], [[Floor]], [[Ramp]], and [[Stairs]]) of any material can never melt or burn - there is nothing wrong with a [[wood]]en magma reservoir. Natural (i.e. non-constructed) [[ice]] walls/floors/ramps/stairs will melt if exposed to sufficient heat.
* [[Fortification]]s will allow the passage of [[magma]]; however, if fortifications fill up to 7/7 depth, magma creatures will be able to swim freely through them.
* If not submerged (that is, not opened to let magma flow over/past/around them), [[door]]s, [[floodgate]]s, and raised [[bridge]]s (provided that there is no magma on the space the bridge would occupy when lowered) of non-magma-safe stone or metal are safe. So long as they are just in contact with magma, only acting as a passive "wall", they are fine. If opened, they will melt.
** Raised drawbridges have a notable exception, in that allowing magma to flow over the center of the area that the bridge would normally occupy when lowered ''will'' cause the bridge's components to heat up and potentially melt.
* A [[pump]] made with magma-safe material for pipes, screws and blocks is fully magma-safe, and will not melt even when submerged in magma. Pumps containing any item that is not magma safe will be destroyed after prolonged operation.

== Game calculations ==
In the game, magma's temperature is exactly {{ct|12000}}.

The chance of striking a magma-safe stone is roughly around 32%, not including the natural abundance of certain stone. It is important to note whether or not your fortress may already have access to magma-safe resources before attempting to deliberately find some.

==Magma-safe material==

The following materials will not melt when submerged in magma. Although true for any item/construction, it's worth specifically mentioning that this includes [[door]]s, [[floor hatch]]es, [[floodgate]]s, [[bridge]]s, [[screw pump]]s, [[pipe section]]s, and [[mechanism]]s.


{{MS table head}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Alunite]]|Appear=[[File:alunite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|<nowiki>`</nowiki>|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=13,690°U (3722°F/2051°C)|Where=All [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]'''(L)''', [[Kaolinite]]'''(L)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Anhydrite]]|Appear=[[File:anhydrite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|v|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:0}}|Temp=12,610°U (2642°F/1450°C)|Where=[[Gypsum]]'''(S)''', [[Satinspar]]'''(1)''', [[Alabaster]]'''(1)''', [[Selenite]]'''(1)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Basalt]]|Appear=[[File:basalt_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|#|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,160°U (2192°F/1200°C)|Where=[[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Bauxite]]|Appear=[[File:bauxite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|+|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2000°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|Notes=dark red}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Calcite]]|Appear=[[File:calcite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|"|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=12,902°U (2934°F/1613°C)|Where=[[Limestone]]'''(S)''', [[Marble]]'''(S)'''|Notes=[[flux]] stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Chert]]|Appear=[[File:chert_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|=|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}|Temp=13,101°U (3133°F/1723°C)|Where=[[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Chromite]]|Appear=[[File:chromite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|=|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=13,645°U (3677°F/2026°C)|Where=[[Olivine]]'''(V)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Dolomite]]|Appear=[[File:dolomite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|`|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=16,507°U (6539°F/3619°C)|Where=[[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]] layer stone|Notes=[[Flux]], Highest melting point of any common stone.}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Gabbro]]|Appear=[[File:gabbro_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,160°U (2192°F/1200°C)|Where=[[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Ilmenite]]|Appear=[[File:ilmenite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|.|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,457°U (2489°F/1365°C)|Where=[[Gabbro]]'''(S)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Kaolinite]]|Appear=[[File:kaolinite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|=|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:0}}|Temp=13,150°U (3182°F/1751°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|Notes=dark red, [[porcelain]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Mica]]|Appear=[[File:mica_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|v|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=12,295°U (2327°F/1275°C)|Where=All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)''', [[Granite]]'''(L)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Obsidian]]|Appear=[[File:obsidian_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|▒|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|0:1}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Where=[[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]] layer stone|Notes=value 3, can be "[[obsidian farming|manufactured]]"}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Olivine]]|Appear=[[File:olivine_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|%|2:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|2:0}}|Temp=13,168°U (3200°F/1761°C)|Where=[[Gabbro]]'''(L)'''|Notes=green}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Orthoclase]]|Appear=[[File:orthoclase_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|%|6:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:1}}|Temp=12,250°U (2282°F/1250°C)|Where=All [[Igneous intrusive layer|Igneous intrusive]]'''(L)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(L)'''|Notes=yellow}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Periclase]]|Appear=[[File:periclase_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|,|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=15,040°U (5072°F/2803°C)|Where=[[Marble]]'''(S)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Petrified wood]]|Appear=[[File:petrified_wood_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|%|4:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|4:1}}|Temp=12,970°U (3002°F/1650°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(S)'''|Notes=bright red density = 22006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Pitchblende]]|Appear=[[File:pitchblende_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|*|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}|Temp=12,070°U (2102°F/1149°C)|Where=[[Granite]]'''(S)'''|Notes=purple density = 76006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Quartzite]]|Appear=[[File:quartzite_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|-|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=12,970°U (3002°F/1650°C)|Where=[[Metamorphic]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Rutile]]|Appear=[[File:rutile_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|`|5:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|5:0}}|Temp=13,285°U (3214°F/1826°C)|Where=All [[Metamorphic]]'''(S)''', [[Granite]]'''(S)'''|Notes=purple}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Sandstone]]|Appear=[[File:sandstone_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|#|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|•|6:0}}|Temp=12,070°U (2102°F/1149°C)|Where=[[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]] layer stone}}

{{MS table row|Type=Stone|Matl=[[Talc]]|Appear=[[File:talc_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|||7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|•|7:1}}|Temp=12,700°U (2732°F/1500°C)|Where=[[Dolomite]]'''(L)'''}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Adamantine]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|3:3:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|3:1}}|Temp=25,000°U (15,032°F/8333°C)|Notes=Highest value/utility material in game density = 2006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Iron]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|0:1}}|Temp=12,768°U (2800°F/1538°C)|Notes=Armor/weapons density = 78506}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Nickel]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:3:0}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0}}|Temp=12,619°U (2651°F/1455°C density = 88006)}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Pig iron]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|0:1}}|Temp=12,106°U (2138°F/1170°C)|Notes=used in steel making process density = 78506}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Platinum]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:1}}|Temp=13,182°U (3214°F/1768°C)|Notes=High value metal density = 21,4006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Steel]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|≡|0:1}}|Temp=12,718°U (2750°F/1510°C)|Notes=Armor/weapons density = 78506}}

{{MS table row|Type=Metal|Matl=[[Divine metal]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|X|7:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|≡|7:0}}|Temp=None|Notes=Found only in [[vault]]s and in geodes deep underground density = 10006}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Cassiterite]]|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery2_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|6:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|*|6:0}}|Temp=12,025°U (2057°F/1124°C)|Where=[[Granite]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[tin]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Galena]]|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|7:1}}|Temp=12,005°U (2037°F/1113°C)|Where=All [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)''', All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)''', [[Granite]]'''(V)''', [[Limestone]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[lead]] and [[silver]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Hematite]]3|Appear=[[File:ore_red_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|4:7:0}} {{Raw Tile|*|4:0}}|Temp=12,736°U (2768°F/1520°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(V)''', All [[Igneous extrusive layer|Igneous extrusive]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[iron]]3}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Magnetite]]3|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery2_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|~|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|0:1}}|Temp=12,768°U (2800°F/1538°C)|Where=All [[Sedimentary layer|Sedimentary]]'''(L)'''|Notes=Ore of [[iron]]3}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=[[Native platinum]]|Appear=[[File:ore_silvery_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|7:1}}|Temp=13,182°U (3214°F/1768°C)|Where=[[Olivine]]'''(V)''', [[Magnetite]]'''(V)''', [[Chromite]]'''(S)'''|Notes=Ore of [[platinum]]}}

{{MS table row|Type=Ore|Matl=''[[Sphalerite]]''4|Appear=[[File:ore_magenta_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|0:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|0:1}}|Temp=''12,133°U (2165°F/1185°C)''|Where=All [[Metamorphic]]'''(V)'''|Notes=Ore of [[zinc]]4}}

{{MS table row|Type=Wood|Matl=[[Nether-cap]]5|Appear={{Raw Tile|♠|1:0:0}} {{Raw Tile|▬|1:0:0}}|Temp=N/A|Where=[[Cavern]] (depth 3)|Notes=Naturally cold5}}

{{MS table row|Type=Special|Matl=[[Raw adamantine]]|Appear=[[File:Raw_adamantine_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|£|3:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|3:1}}|Temp=25,000°U (15,032°F/8333°C)|Where=The depths|Notes=Ore of [[adamantine]]}}
{{MS table row|Type=Special|Matl=[[Slade]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|░|0:0:1}} {{Raw Tile|*|0:1}}|Temp=None|Where=The depths|Notes=Intended to be unmineable}}

{{MS table row|Type=Leather|Matl=[[Fire imp]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|ß|6:0:0}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Bone|Matl=[[Fire imp]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|²|7:1}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Bone|Matl=[[Dragon]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|²|7:1}}|Temp=None|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Soap|Matl=[[Fire imp]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|≡|7:1}}|Temp=15,000°U (5032°F/2780°C)|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Soap|Matl=[[Dragon]]|Appear={{Raw Tile|≡|7:1}}|Temp=55,000°U (45032°F/25,044°C)|Notes=}}

{{MS table row|Type=Glass|Matl=[[Glass|Green glass]]|Appear=[[File:Green_glass_sprite.png]] / {{Raw Tile|X|2:2:1}} {{Raw Tile|■|2:0}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Glass|Matl=[[Glass|Clear glass]]|Appear=[[File:Clear_crystal_glass.png]] / {{Raw Tile|X|3:3:1}} {{Raw Tile|■|3:0}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Notes=}}
{{MS table row|Type=Glass|Matl=[[Glass|Crystal glass]]|Appear=[[File:Clear_crystal_glass.png]] / {{Raw Tile|X|7:7:1}} {{Raw Tile|■|7:1}}|Temp=13,600°U (3632°F/2001°C)|Notes=}}
|}

'''Notes:'''
: 1) Each stone is one of 16 [[color scheme|colors]] in the game. Different un-mined stone of the same color have a different symbol to distinguish between them. Once mined, the individual stones themselves can sometimes look identical if the color is the same. Click to look at items or mouse over the terrain for specific information.
: 2) '''°U''' = degrees in [[Main:Urist|Urist]], the measure of temperature within the ''Dwarf Fortress'' world. As far as is known, there is no functional difference between a material that melts at {{ct|12005}} or {{ct|55000}} — they are both equally "magma safe".
: 3) There are three iron ores in the game (four if you count [[Goblinite]]). Of these, only [[hematite]] and [[magnetite]] are magma safe.
: 4) Sphalerite has ''no'' melting point, but ''sublimates'' at {{ct|12133}}. This still qualifies as being magma-safe.
: 5) [[Nether-cap]] logs have a fixed temperature of {{ct|10000}}, rendering them fully magma safe, except that nether-cap products [[dump]]ed into magma are destroyed.
: 6) For when weight is a consideration, one way or the other. Petrified Wood and Pitchblende are notable as the least and most dense non-economic magma-safe stones, with all the others listed above weighing very close to 2650, the generic "stone density". See [[Density]] for full table and discussion.

{{Category|Physics}}
{{Category|Magma safe materials| }}
[[Ru:Magma-safe]]